Hypocalcemia classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

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Overview

There is a functional classification of hypocalcemia which includes complete absent of PTH gland, PTH insufficiency and PTH overactivity.

Classification

  • Hypocalcemia may be classified functionally into following subtypes:

Absence of PTH

  • Absence of PTH is primarily seen in[1][2][3][4][5]
    • Hereditary hypoparathyroidism
    • Acquired hypoparathyroidism
    • Hypomagnesemia

PTH Insufficiency

  • PTH insufficiency is seen in active vitamin D lacking which is seen in[6][7]
    • Dietary intake
    • Insufficient exposure to sunlight
    • Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1
    • Chronic renal failure
  • PTH insufficiency is seen in active vitamin D ineffectiveness which is seen in
    • Intestinal malabsorption
    • Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2
    • Pseudoparathyroidism

PTH Overwhelmed

  • PTH overactivity which is seen in[8]
    • Severe hypophosphatemia
    • Tumor Lysis syndrome
    • Acute renal failure
    • Rhabdomyolysis

References

  1. Riccardi D, Brown EM (March 2010). "Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 298 (3): F485–99. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2009. PMC 2838589. PMID 19923405.
  2. Sarkar S, Mondal M, Das K, Shrimal A (September 2012). "Mucocutaneous manifestations of acquired hypoparathyroidism: An observational study". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 16 (5): 819–20. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.100637. PMC 3475912. PMID 23087872.
  3. Sturniolo G, Lo Schiavo MG, Tonante A, D'Alia C, Bonanno L (2000). "Hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: a clinical biological study and surgical considerations". Int. J. Surg. Investig. 2 (2): 99–105. PMID 12678507.
  4. Pattou F, Combemale F, Fabre S, Carnaille B, Decoulx M, Wemeau JL, Racadot A, Proye C (July 1998). "Hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery: incidence and prediction of outcome". World J Surg. 22 (7): 718–24. PMID 9606288.
  5. Sciumè C, Geraci G, Pisello F, Facella T, Li Volsi F, Licata A, Modica G (2006). "[Complications in thyroid surgery: symptomatic post-operative hypoparathyroidism incidence, surgical technique, and treatment]". Ann Ital Chir (in Italian). 77 (2): 115–22. PMID 17147083.
  6. Carroll R, Matfin G (February 2010). "Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia". Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 1 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1177/2042018810366494. PMC 3474611. PMID 23148147.
  7. Zaloga GP, Chernow B (July 1987). "The multifactorial basis for hypocalcemia during sepsis. Studies of the parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis". Ann. Intern. Med. 107 (1): 36–41. PMID 3592447.
  8. Carroll R, Matfin G (February 2010). "Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia". Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 1 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1177/2042018810366494. PMC 3474611. PMID 23148147.

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