Hypocalcemia classification

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Hypocalcemia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hypocalcemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Hypocalcemia classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypocalcemia classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Hypocalcemia classification

CDC on Hypocalcemia classification

Hypocalcemia classification in the news

Blogs on Hypocalcemia classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hypocalcemia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypocalcemia classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Manpreet Kaur, MD [2]Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [3]

Overview

Hypocalcemia may be classified functionally into complete absence of parathyroid gland, parathyroid hormone (PTH) insufficiency and PTH overactivity.

Classification

  • Hypocalcemia may be classified functionally into the following sub-types:

Absence of parathyroid gland

PTH insufficiency

PTH overactivity

References

  1. Riccardi D, Brown EM (March 2010). "Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 298 (3): F485–99. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2009. PMC 2838589. PMID 19923405.
  2. Sarkar S, Mondal M, Das K, Shrimal A (September 2012). "Mucocutaneous manifestations of acquired hypoparathyroidism: An observational study". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 16 (5): 819–20. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.100637. PMC 3475912. PMID 23087872.
  3. Sturniolo G, Lo Schiavo MG, Tonante A, D'Alia C, Bonanno L (2000). "Hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: a clinical biological study and surgical considerations". Int. J. Surg. Investig. 2 (2): 99–105. PMID 12678507.
  4. Pattou F, Combemale F, Fabre S, Carnaille B, Decoulx M, Wemeau JL, Racadot A, Proye C (July 1998). "Hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery: incidence and prediction of outcome". World J Surg. 22 (7): 718–24. PMID 9606288.
  5. Sciumè C, Geraci G, Pisello F, Facella T, Li Volsi F, Licata A, Modica G (2006). "[Complications in thyroid surgery: symptomatic post-operative hypoparathyroidism incidence, surgical technique, and treatment]". Ann Ital Chir (in Italian). 77 (2): 115–22. PMID 17147083.
  6. Carroll R, Matfin G (February 2010). "Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia". Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 1 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1177/2042018810366494. PMC 3474611. PMID 23148147.
  7. Zaloga GP, Chernow B (July 1987). "The multifactorial basis for hypocalcemia during sepsis. Studies of the parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis". Ann. Intern. Med. 107 (1): 36–41. PMID 3592447.
  8. Carroll R, Matfin G (February 2010). "Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia". Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 1 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1177/2042018810366494. PMC 3474611. PMID 23148147.
  9. Brunelli, S. M.; Goldfarb, S. (2007). "Hypophosphatemia: Clinical Consequences and Management". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 18 (7): 1999–2003. doi:10.1681/ASN.2007020143. ISSN 1046-6673.

Template:WS Template:WH