Hypocalcemia classification: Difference between revisions

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==== Absence of PTH ====
==== Absence of PTH ====
* Absence of PTH is primarily seen in<ref name="pmid19923405">{{cite journal |vauthors=Riccardi D, Brown EM |title=Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. |volume=298 |issue=3 |pages=F485–99 |date=March 2010 |pmid=19923405 |pmc=2838589 |doi=10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23087872">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sarkar S, Mondal M, Das K, Shrimal A |title=Mucocutaneous manifestations of acquired hypoparathyroidism: An observational study |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=819–20 |date=September 2012 |pmid=23087872 |pmc=3475912 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.100637 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12678507">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sturniolo G, Lo Schiavo MG, Tonante A, D'Alia C, Bonanno L |title=Hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: a clinical biological study and surgical considerations |journal=Int. J. Surg. Investig. |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=99–105 |date=2000 |pmid=12678507 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Absence of PTH is primarily seen in<ref name="pmid19923405">{{cite journal |vauthors=Riccardi D, Brown EM |title=Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. |volume=298 |issue=3 |pages=F485–99 |date=March 2010 |pmid=19923405 |pmc=2838589 |doi=10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23087872">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sarkar S, Mondal M, Das K, Shrimal A |title=Mucocutaneous manifestations of acquired hypoparathyroidism: An observational study |journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=819–20 |date=September 2012 |pmid=23087872 |pmc=3475912 |doi=10.4103/2230-8210.100637 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12678507">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sturniolo G, Lo Schiavo MG, Tonante A, D'Alia C, Bonanno L |title=Hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: a clinical biological study and surgical considerations |journal=Int. J. Surg. Investig. |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=99–105 |date=2000 |pmid=12678507 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9606288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pattou F, Combemale F, Fabre S, Carnaille B, Decoulx M, Wemeau JL, Racadot A, Proye C |title=Hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery: incidence and prediction of outcome |journal=World J Surg |volume=22 |issue=7 |pages=718–24 |date=July 1998 |pmid=9606288 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** Hereditary hypoparathyroidism
** Hereditary hypoparathyroidism
** Acquired hypoparathyroidism
** Acquired hypoparathyroidism

Revision as of 17:54, 26 June 2018

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Overview

There is a functional classification of hypocalcemia which includes complete absent of PTH gland, PTH insufficiency and PTH overactivity.

Classification

  • Hypocalcemia may be classified functionally into following subtypes:

Absence of PTH

  • Absence of PTH is primarily seen in[1][2][3][4]
    • Hereditary hypoparathyroidism
    • Acquired hypoparathyroidism
    • Hypomagnesemia

PTH Insufficiency

  • PTH insufficiency is seen in active vitamin D lacking which is seen in
    • Dietary intake
    • Insufficient exposure to sunlight
    • Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1
    • Chronic renal failure
  • PTH insufficiency is seen in active vitamin D ineffectiveness which is seen in
    • Intestinal malabsorption
    • Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2
    • Pseudoparathyroidism

PTH Overwhelmed

  • PTH overactivity which is seen in
    • Severe hypophosphatemia
    • Tumor Lysis syndrome
    • Acute renal failure
    • Rhabdomyolysis

References

  1. Riccardi D, Brown EM (March 2010). "Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 298 (3): F485–99. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2009. PMC 2838589. PMID 19923405.
  2. Sarkar S, Mondal M, Das K, Shrimal A (September 2012). "Mucocutaneous manifestations of acquired hypoparathyroidism: An observational study". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 16 (5): 819–20. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.100637. PMC 3475912. PMID 23087872.
  3. Sturniolo G, Lo Schiavo MG, Tonante A, D'Alia C, Bonanno L (2000). "Hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: a clinical biological study and surgical considerations". Int. J. Surg. Investig. 2 (2): 99–105. PMID 12678507.
  4. Pattou F, Combemale F, Fabre S, Carnaille B, Decoulx M, Wemeau JL, Racadot A, Proye C (July 1998). "Hypocalcemia following thyroid surgery: incidence and prediction of outcome". World J Surg. 22 (7): 718–24. PMID 9606288.

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