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| {{drugbox | IUPAC_name = hydroxyurea | image = Hydroxyurea.png | CAS_number = 127-07-1 | ATC_prefix = L01 | ATC_suffix = XX05 | ATC_supplemental = | PubChem = 3657 | DrugBank = APRD00023 | C=1 | H=4 | N=2 | O=2 | molecular_weight = 76.0547 g/mol | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = Liver | elimination_half-life = 3-4 hours | pregnancy_category = D (USA) | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = Oral | excretion = Renal and lungs }}
| | #REDIRECT [[Hydroxyurea (patient information)]] |
| '''Hydroxyurea''' or '''hydroxycarbamide''' (the latter being the [[International Nonproprietary Name|recommended International Non-Proprietary Name]]), (brand names include Hydrea®) is an [[antineoplastic]] [[medication|drug]] used in [[hematological malignancy|hematological malignancies]]. It is also used as an [[antiretroviral]] agent (e.g., against HIV).
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| ==Mechanism==
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| Its mechanism of action is believed to be based on its inhibition of the enzyme [[ribonucleotide reductase]] by scavenging tyrosyl free radicals<ref>http://safepillstock.com/ingredient_en.html?a=46688&key=hydroxyurea&q=hydroxyurea</ref> as they are involved in the reduction NDPs.<ref>http://safepillstock.com/ingredient_en.html?a=46688&key=hydroxyurea&q=hydroxyurea</ref>
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| ==Uses==
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| * [[Polycythemia vera]]
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| * [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia]]
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| * [[Essential thrombocytosis]]
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| * [[Sickle-cell disease]] (breaks down cells that are prone to sickle, as well as increasing [[fetal hemoglobin]] content)
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| * [[AIDS]] as an adjunct to ''ddI'' in combination antiretroviral therapies
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| * Biochemical research as a [[DNA replication]] inhibitor that causes ribonucleotide depletion and results in DNA double strand breaks near replication forks (see [[DNA repair]])
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| * Moderate to severe [[psoriasis]] (slows down the rapid division of skin cells)
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| ==Dose==
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| 500 [[milligram]]s once or twice a day, or more if [[pancytopenia]] does not develop.
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| ==Side effects==
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| Reported side-effects are: drowsiness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, [[constipation]], mucositis, [[anorexia (symptom)|anorexia]], [[stomatitis]], [[bone marrow]] toxicity (which may take 7-21 days to recover after the drug has been discontinued), [[alopecia]] (hair loss), skin changes, abnormal [[liver enzyme]]s, [[creatinine]] and [[blood urea nitrogen]].
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| Due to its effect on the bone marrow, regular monitoring of the [[full blood count]] is vital, as well as early response to possible infections. In addition, [[renal function]], [[uric acid]] and [[electrolytes]], as well as [[liver enzyme]]s, are commonly checked.
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| ==Use in pregnancy==
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| Category D - investigational or post-marketing data show risk to the fetus. However, potential benefits may outweigh the potential risk. Generally this rating is reserved for drugs with no safer alternatives.
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| ==Contraindications==
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| Contraindications are: severe [[anemia]], bone marrow depression or [[neutropenia]].
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| ==References==
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| <references/>
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| {{Chemotherapeutic agents}}
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| [[Category:Chemotherapeutic agents]]
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| [[Category:Ureas]]
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| [[cs:Hydroxyurea]]
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| [[ja:ヒドロキシカルバミド]]
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| [[pl:Hydroksykarbamid]]
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