Hepatocellular carcinoma Echocardiography or Ultrasound

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dildar Hussain, MBBS [2]

Overview

On ultrasonography, changes in the liver contour and increased nodularity may be evident. The echo texture may appear coarse along with an increase in echogenecity from focal fatty changes and irregular appearing areas with fibrosis, fatty change, or calcifications.

Echocardiography

Ultrasound Findings

  • Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma include:[1][2]
    • Small hypoechoic lesion with poorly defined margins and coarse irregular internal echoes.
    • When the tumor increases in size it appears heterogeneous with fibrosis, fatty change, or calcifications.
    • Infiltrative HCC may be difficult to differentiate from background cirrhosis.

Contrast enhanced ultrasound

The following phases are noted on the contrast enhanced ultrasonography of hepatocellular carcinoma:[3]

Phases Findings
Arterial Phase Enhanced arteries due to neovascularity
Portal Venous Phase Weak echogenicity relative to the background liver is noted after the washout

Tumor thrombus may be visible

References

  1. Malhi H, Grant EG, Duddalwar V (2014). "Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the liver and kidney". Radiol. Clin. North Am. 52 (6): 1177–90. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2014.07.005. PMID 25444099.
  2. "Hepatocellular Carcinoma - W. Y. Lau - Google Books".
  3. Malhi H, Grant EG, Duddalwar V (2014). "Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the liver and kidney". Radiol. Clin. North Am. 52 (6): 1177–90. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2014.07.005. PMID 25444099.



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