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| | '''Neurologic''' | | | '''Neurologic''' |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bing-Neel syndrome ]], [[Bonnemann-Meinecke-Reich syndrome ]], [[Early myoclonic encephalopathy]], [[Granulomatous angiitis]], [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]], [[Landau–Kleffner syndrome ]], [[Lennox–Gastaut syndrome]], [[Motor neuron disease]], [[Myasthenia gravis]], [[Neuromuscular disorder]], [[Ohtahara syndrome ]], [[PEHO-like syndrome ]], [[Post-ictal state]], [[Raised intracranial pressure]], [[Scrapie]], [[Stroke]], [[West syndrome]] |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Encephalopathy alters brain function and/or structure.It may be caused by an infectious agent (bacteria, virus, orprion), metabolic or mitochondrial dysfunction, brain tumor or increased intracranial pressure, prolonged exposure to toxins (including solvents, drugs, alcohol, paints, industrial chemicals, and certain metals), radiation, chronic progressive trauma, poor nutrition, or lack of oxygen or blood flow to the brain. It is also known that concomitant use of lithium with other neuroleptics may, in rare cases, cause encephalopathy.
Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
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Hemorrhagic shock, Malignant hypertension
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| Chemical / poisoning
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Alcohol withdrawal, Aluminum , Carbon monoxide poisoning, Ifosamide, Lead poisoning, Methylene Chloride , Narcotics, Occupational lead exposure , Toxic mushrooms
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| Dermatologic
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No underlying causes
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| Drug Side Effect
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No underlying causes
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| Ear Nose Throat
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No underlying causes
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| Endocrine
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Hashimoto's encephalopathy
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| Environmental
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Hypoxia, Near drowning
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| Gastroenterologic
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Acute liver failure , Budd-Chiari syndrome , Chronic liver disease , Cirrhosis of liver , Idiopathic liver cirrhosis , Liver failure, Obliterative portal venopathy , Reye syndrome , Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
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| Genetic
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Chromosome 18 Ring , Pyridoxamine 5-prime-phosphate oxidase deficiency ,
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| Hematologic
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No underlying causes
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| Iatrogenic
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Peritoneal dialysis, Transjugular intrahepatic porto systemic shunt (TIPSS)
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| Infectious Disease
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Adenoviridae Infections , Boutonneuse fever , Bovine spongiform encephalopathy , Brain abscess, India tick typhus , Israeli spotted fever , Kuru, Lyme disease , Marseilles fever , Mediterranean Spotted Fever , Whooping Cough
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| Musculoskeletal / Ortho
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No underlying causes
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| Neurologic
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Bing-Neel syndrome , Bonnemann-Meinecke-Reich syndrome , Early myoclonic encephalopathy, Granulomatous angiitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Landau–Kleffner syndrome , Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Motor neuron disease, Myasthenia gravis, Neuromuscular disorder, Ohtahara syndrome , PEHO-like syndrome , Post-ictal state, Raised intracranial pressure, Scrapie, Stroke, West syndrome
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| Nutritional / Metabolic
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No underlying causes
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| Obstetric/Gynecologic
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No underlying causes
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| Oncologic
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No underlying causes
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| Opthalmologic
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No underlying causes
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| Overdose / Toxicity
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No underlying causes
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| Psychiatric
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No underlying causes
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| Pulmonary
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No underlying causes
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| Renal / Electrolyte
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No underlying causes
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| Rheum / Immune / Allergy
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No underlying causes
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| Sexual
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No underlying causes
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| Trauma
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No underlying causes
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| Urologic
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No underlying causes
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| Dental
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No underlying causes
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| Miscellaneous
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No underlying causes
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Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
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