Encephalitis resident survival guide
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Moises Romo M.D.
Synonyms and Keywords: encephalitis management, encephalitis workup, encephalitis approach,encephalitis management, encephalitis treatment, encephalitis diagnosis
Overview
Encephalitis refers to the inflammation of the brain. The causes of encephalitis are mostly infectious, beign viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites the possible agents. Presentation usually involves headache, fever, confusion, neck stiffness (Kernig and Brudzinski signs), and vomiting. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical presentation and supported by blood tests, medical imaging, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. A rapid identification of encephalitis is crucial to reduce sequelae. Management is directed against the affecting agent (antivirals, antibiotics), reducing swelling, and supportive measures.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Diagnosis
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of encephalitis according to the American Academy of Neurology guidelines:
Treatment
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing treatment of encephalitis according to the American Academy of Neurology guidelines: