Ectopic pregnancy risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Risk Factors
| Risk Factor | Odds Ratio |
| Tubal surgery | 21 |
| Tubal ligation | 9.3 |
| Previous ectopic | 8.3 |
| In-utero DES exposure | 5.6 |
| IUD | 4.2 – 45 |
| Documented tubal pathology | 3.8 – 21 |
| Moderate Risk | |
| Infertility | 2.5 – 21 |
| Previous STD | 2.5 – 3.7 |
| Multiple sexual partners | 2.1 |
| Low Risk | |
| Prior pelvic / abd surgery | 0.9 – 3.8 |
| Cigarette smoking | 2.3 – 2.5 |
| Vaginal douching | 1.1 – 3.1 |
| 1st intercourse < 18 years old | 1.6 |
- Although tubal ligation prevents pregnancies, if a pregnancy does occur, it is more likely to be ectopic.
- The risk of EP increases in women who have had prior ectopics, but decreases for each subsequent intrauterine pregnancy.
- Diethylstilbestrol (DES) causes a loss of fimbriae, a small opening, and fallopian tubes that are shorter and thinner than normal.
- Infertility primarily increases the risk of EP during treatment – IVF (in vitro fertilization) is associated with a 2 – 3 % increased risk compared with the general population.