Differentiating Antiphospholipid syndrome from other diseases: Difference between revisions

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{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diseases
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" |Diseases
| colspan="8" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
| colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
! colspan="9" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Para-clinical findings
! colspan="7" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Para-clinical findings
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Gold standard'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Gold standard'''
! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Additional findings
! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Additional findings
|-
|-
| colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Symptoms'''
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Symptoms'''
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Physical examination
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Physical examination
|-
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Lab Findings
! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Lab Findings
! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging
! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging
! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Histopathology
! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Histopathology
|-
|-
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Headache
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Dyspnea
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Fever  
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Fever  
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Arthralgia
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Arthralgia
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Claudication
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Skin manifestation
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bruit
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Organomegaly
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |HTN
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Focal neurological disorder
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Focal neurological disorder
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Biomarker
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |ESR
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |ESR
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Antibodies
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CT scan
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CT scan
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Angiography
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ultrasound/ Echocardiography
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
|-
|-
! rowspan="18" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Medium-Vessel Vasculitis
! colspan="3" |[[Antiphospholipid syndrome]]
! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<ref name="pmid25770638">{{cite journal| author=Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S| title=Polyarteritis nodosa. | journal=Tech Vasc Interv Radiol | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 247-51 | pmid=25770638 | doi=10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005 | pmc=4363102 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25770638  }}</ref>
!+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
![[Antiphospholipid antibodies]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
![[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Hemolytic anemia]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[LAMP2|LAMP-2 protein autoantibodies]]
!-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Normochromic anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
![[Lupus anticoagulant|Lupus anticoagulant (LA)]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
![[Stroke]],
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ [[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],
 
↑ [[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Proteinuria]]
[[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]]
!-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Multiple [[Aneurysm|microaneurysms]],  [[Hemorrhage]] due to focal [[rupture]], [[Occlusion]]
!Noninflammatory bland [[thrombosis]] without perivascular [[inflammation]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aneurysms]] and [[renal]] [[arteriovenous fistula]] in [[Doppler sonography|color Doppler sonography]]
!Hx of [[thrombosis]] and [[antiphospholipid antibodies]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
![[Miscarriage]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotizing]] [[inflammatory]] lesions
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sudden [[weight loss]], [[Abdominal pain]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hepatitis B virus]]-associated [[polyarteritis nodosa]]<ref name="pmid25755502">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sharma A, Sharma K |title=Hepatotropic viral infection associated systemic vasculitides-hepatitis B virus associated polyarteritis nodosa and hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis |journal=J Clin Exp Hepatol |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=204–12 |date=September 2013 |pmid=25755502 |pmc=4216827 |doi=10.1016/j.jceh.2013.06.001 |url=}}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hepatitis B surface antigen|HBsAg]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Normochromic anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ [[ALT]] or [[AST]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aneurysms|Microaneurysms]] in [[mesenteric artery]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aneurysms]] and [[renal]] [[arteriovenous fistula]] in [[Doppler sonography|color Doppler sonography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotizing]] [[inflammatory]] lesions
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Peripheral neuropathy]], [[Livedo reticularis]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Kawasaki disease]]<ref name="pmid21447126">{{cite journal| author=Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y| title=Pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. | journal=Clin Exp Immunol | year= 2011 | volume= 164 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= 20-2 | pmid=21447126 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04361.x | pmc=3095860 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21447126  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[NT-proBNP]], [[Meprin A]], [[Filamin A interacting protein 1 like|Filamin C]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Normochromic anemia]], ↑[[WBC]] with a [[left shift]], [[Thrombocytosis]] 
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acute phase reactant|Acute-phase reactants]], ↓[[Cholesterol]], ↓[[HDL]], ↓[[Apolipoprotein A1|ApolipoA]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Coronary artery]] [[Calcification|calcifications]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Coronary artery aneurysm|Coronary artery aneurysms]], [[Coronary artery stenosis|stenosis]] or [[Coronary artery anomaly|occlusion]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Coronary artery anomaly]] in [[echocardiography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Electron beam tomography|Electron beam CT (EBCT)]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Acute destruction of the [[Tunica media|media]] by [[neutrophils]], with loss of [[elastic fibers]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |History and [[physical examination]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Vomiting]]
|-
! rowspan="10" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infectious disease]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19 infection]]<ref name="pmid12097253">{{cite journal| author=Heegaard ED, Brown KE| title=Human parvovirus B19. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2002 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 485-505 | pmid=12097253 | doi= | pmc=118081 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12097253  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19|B19]] [[DNA]], ↓[[Reticulocyte count]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |anti–[[parvovirus B19]] [[IgM]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hydrops]] in fetal [[ultrasonography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19|B19]] [[DNA]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Purpura|Purpuric rash]], [[Erythema multiforme]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Scarlet fever]]<ref name="pmid29081840">{{cite journal| author=Basetti S, Hodgson J, Rawson TM, Majeed A| title=Scarlet fever: a guide for general practitioners. | journal=London J Prim Care (Abingdon) | year= 2017 | volume= 9 | issue= 5 | pages= 77-79 | pmid=29081840 | doi=10.1080/17571472.2017.1365677 | pmc=5649319 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29081840  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Antistreptococcal antibodies|Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titers]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[CRP]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Thickened [[pulmonary]] markings if [[pneumonia]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sparse [[Neutropenia|neutrophilic]] [[Perivascular cell|perivascular infiltrate]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |History and [[physical examination]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sand-paper rashes, [[Sore throat]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic shock syndrome]]<ref name="pmid22180682">{{cite journal| author=Vostral SL| title=Rely and Toxic Shock Syndrome: a technological health crisis. | journal=Yale J Biol Med | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 4 | pages= 447-59 | pmid=22180682 | doi= | pmc=3238331 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22180682  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Procalcitonin]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[left shift]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Myoglobinuria]], [[Pyuria|Sterile pyuria]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrosis|Necrolysis]] of [[keratinocytes]] in [[epidermis]],  Perivascular [[lymphocytic]] infiltrate
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Clinical criteria
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Peeling or [[rashes]], Organ dysfunction
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mononucleosis]]<ref name="pmid25774295">{{cite journal| author=Balfour HH, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA| title=Infectious mononucleosis. | journal=Clin Transl Immunology | year= 2015 | volume= 4 | issue= 2 | pages= e33 | pmid=25774295 | doi=10.1038/cti.2015.1 | pmc=4346501 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25774295  }}</ref>
! colspan="3" |[[Systemic lupus erythematosus|Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] [[DNA]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atypical lymphocyte]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Heterophile antibody test|Heterophile antibodies]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[CNS Disease|CNS involvement]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Splenomegaly]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Encephalitis]] in [[MRI]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lymphoproliferative response]] in [[oropharynx]], [[Lymphocytic|Lymphocytic infiltration]] in [[spleen]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Heterophile antibody test]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Splenomegaly]], [[Palatal]] [[petechiae]]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Leptospirosis]]<ref name="pmid11292640">{{cite journal |vauthors=Levett PN |title=Leptospirosis |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=296–326 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11292640 |pmc=88975 |doi=10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001 |url=}}</ref>
! rowspan="7" |[[Thrombosis]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! rowspan="4" |[[Thrombophilia]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
![[Disseminated intravascular coagulation|DIC]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Interleukin 6|IL-6]], [[IL-8]] and [[IL-10]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],
!
↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Proteinuria]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Diffuse [[alveolar]] [[hemorrhage]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Toxin]]-mediated break down of [[endothelial cell]] membranes of [[capillaries]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Culture and the [[Agglutination|microscopic agglutination test]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Red eyes]], [[Skin rash]]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lyme disease|Lyme Disease]]<ref name="pmid23319969">{{cite journal| author=Biesiada G, Czepiel J, Leśniak MR, Garlicki A, Mach T| title=Lyme disease: review. | journal=Arch Med Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 6 | pages= 978-82 | pmid=23319969 | doi=10.5114/aoms.2012.30948 | pmc=3542482 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23319969  }}</ref>
![[ITP]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[CXCL9|CXCL9 (MIG)]], [[CXCL10|CXCL10 (IP-10)]] and [[CCL19|CCL19 (MIP3B)]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Microscopic hematuria]], [[Proteinuria]], ↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Punctate lesions in periventricular [[white matter]] in [[brain]] [[SPECT]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Serological testing|Serologic '''tests''']]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythema migrans]]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Measles]]<ref name="pmid22510638">{{cite journal| author=White SJ, Boldt KL, Holditch SJ, Poland GA, Jacobson RM| title=Measles, mumps, and rubella. | journal=Clin Obstet Gynecol | year= 2012 | volume= 55 | issue= 2 | pages= 550-9 | pmid=22510638 | doi=10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824df256 | pmc=3334858 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22510638  }}</ref>
![[HUS]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Measles]] [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Lymphocytosis]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Chest X-ray|CXR]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Spongiosis and vesiculation in the [[epidermis]] with scattered dyskeratotic [[keratinocytes]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[PCR]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rash|Generalized rash]], [[Cough]], [[Coryza]], or [[Conjunctivitis]]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever]]<ref name="pmid2504480">{{cite journal| author=Walker DH| title=Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a disease in need of microbiological concern. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 1989 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 227-40 | pmid=2504480 | doi= | pmc=358117 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2504480  }}</ref>
![[HELLP syndrome|HELLP]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |''[[Rickettsia rickettsii infection|R rickettsii]]'' [[serology]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Anemia]] 
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Hyponatremia]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Infarction]], [[edema]], and [[meningeal]] enhancement
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Myocardial]] or conduction abnormalities in [[echocardiography]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Immunofluorescent]] or [[immunoperoxidase]] staining of ''[[Rickettsia rickettsii infection|R rickettsii]]''
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Clinical criteria and [[tick]] exposure
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Rash on the [[Palms of the hands|palms]] and [[soles]]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome|Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid27651848">{{cite journal| author=Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A| title=A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates. | journal=Open Microbiol J | year= 2016 | volume= 10 | issue=  | pages= 150-9 | pmid=27651848 | doi=10.2174/1874285801610010150 | pmc=5012080 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27651848  }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria|Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Anti exfoliatin and [[Alpha toxin|anti alpha-toxin antibodies]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[left shift]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Blood culture]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epidermal bullosa simplex|Intraepidermal blister]], dense superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate 
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Blood culture]] and clinical findings
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythroderma|'''Widespread''' skin erythema]], [[Blisters|fluid-filled '''blisters''']]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis]]<ref name="pmid27239294">{{cite journal| author=Hoetzenecker W, Mehra T, Saulite I, Glatz M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Guenova E et al.| title=Toxic epidermal necrolysis. | journal=F1000Res | year= 2016 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=27239294 | doi=10.12688/f1000research.7574.1 | pmc=4879934 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27239294  }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia|Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[MicroRNA|MicroRNA-124]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia|Normochromic normocytic anemia]], [[Eosinophilia]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Fluid loss]] and [[electrolyte abnormalities]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Tracheobronchial]] [[inflammation]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotic]] [[keratinocytes]] with full-thickness [[epithelial]] [[necrosis]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Histopathology]] and clinical findings
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythematous rash|Erythematous macular rash]] with [[purpuric]] centers
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cardiovascular disease]]
! colspan="2" |[[Myeloproliferative disease|Myeloproliferative diseases]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Atrial Myxoma]]<ref name="pmid8407260">{{cite journal |vauthors=MacGowan SW, Sidhu P, Aherne T, Luke D, Wood AE, Neligan MC, McGovern E |title=Atrial myxoma: national incidence, diagnosis and surgical management |journal=Ir J Med Sci |volume=162 |issue=6 |pages=223–6 |date=June 1993 |pmid=8407260 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Calretinin]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Mild [[anemia]], [[Leukocytosis]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[Interleukin 6|IL-6]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atrial]] filling defect larger than a [[thrombus]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Tumor]] location, size, attachment, and mobility in [[echocardiography]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Size, shape, and surface characteristics in [[MRI]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lipid|Lipidic]] cells embedded in a [[vascular]] myxoid stroma
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Echocardiography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Dyspnea on exertion]], [[Syncope]]
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cholesterol Embolism]]<ref name="pmid21886725">{{cite journal| author=Avci G, Akoz T, Gul AE| title=Cutaneous cholesterol embolization. | journal=J Dermatol Case Rep | year= 2009 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 27-9 | pmid=21886725 | doi=10.3315/jdcr.2009.1031 | pmc=3157794 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21886725  }}</ref>
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Interleukin 5|IL-5]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Eosinophilia]], [[Leukocytosis]]  
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Eosinophiluria]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thoracic aorta|Thoracic]] and [[Abdominal aorta|abdominal aortic]] sources of [[embolism]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atheroembolism]] in [[abdominal aorta]] and the [[lower extremity]] [[arteries]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Excluding an [[intracardiac]] source of [[embolism]] with [[echocardiography]] 
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Birefringent]] crystals or biconvex needle-shaped ghostly clefts within the [[arterial]] [[lumen]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]] 
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Livedo reticularis]],
 
[[Ischemic|Ischemic patches]]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Segmental arteries|Segmental arterial]] mediolysis<ref name="Chao2009">{{cite journal|last1=Chao|first1=Christine|title=Segmental Arterial Mediolysis|journal=Seminars in Interventional Radiology|volume=26|issue=03|year=2009|pages=224–232|issn=0739-9529|doi=10.1055/s-0029-1225666}}</ref>
! rowspan="3" |[[Recurrent pregnancy loss]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
! colspan="2" |[[Uterine]] abnormality
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Visceral]] artery [[aneurysm]] in [[CT angiography]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Alternating [[aneurysms]] and [[stenoses]] (beading)
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Retroperitoneal hematoma]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Disruption of the [[smooth muscle]] in the [[Tunica media|media]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]] 
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hematuria]], [[Ischemic colitis]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Systemic disease]]
! colspan="2" |[[Chromosomal abnormality]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Antiphospholipid syndrome|Antiphospholipid Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid26637701">{{cite journal| author=Chaturvedi S, McCrae KR| title=The antiphospholipid syndrome: still an enigma. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages= 53-60 | pmid=26637701 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.53 | pmc=4877624 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26637701  }}</ref>
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Antiphospholipid antibodies]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Hemolytic anemia]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lupus anticoagulant|Lupus anticoagulant (LA)]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Stroke]],
!
 
!
[[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombus]] in major [[vessels]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Valve thickening, vegetations, or  insufficiency in [[echocardiography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Noninflammatory bland [[thrombosis]] without perivascular [[inflammation]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Hx of [[thrombosis]] and [[antiphospholipid antibodies]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Miscarriage]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
|-
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis]]<ref name="pmid22753788">{{cite journal |vauthors=Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS |title=Juvenile idiopathic arthritis |journal=Pediatr Rev |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=303–13 |date=July 2012 |pmid=22753788 |doi=10.1542/pir.33-7-303 |url=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |[[Hypothyroidism]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rheumatoid factor|Rheumatoid factor (RF)]], [[S100A12]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lymphocytosis]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Myeloid-related proteins 8/14 (MRP8/14)
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Synovial]] [[hypertrophy]], Joint effusions
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Cerebral vasculitis]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Inflamed [[synovium]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Bone scan|Bone scanning]]
!
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Vascular congestion]], [[Extravasation|RBC extravasation]], Venular lumen occlusion
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Conventional [[radiography]]
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rash|Evanescent rash]], [[Dactylitis]] 
|-
|-
|}
|}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 19:02, 26 April 2018

Antiphospholipid syndrome Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

Antiphospholipid syndrome should be differentiated from conditions such as hemolytic uremic syndrome-thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (HUS-TTP), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and vasculitis .

Differentiating Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome from other Diseases


Abbreviations: ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANA= Antinuclear antibody, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, ASO= Antistreptolysin O antibody, BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide, CBC= Complete blood count, COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP= C-reactive protein, CT= Computed tomography, CXR= Chest X-ray, DVT= Deep vein thrombosis, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HRCT= High Resolution CT, IgE= Immunoglobulin E, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, PCWP= Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PCR= Polymerase chain reaction, PFT= Pulmonary function test.

Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Dyspnea Fever Weight loss Arthralgia Skin manifestation Organomegaly Focal neurological disorder CBC ESR Antibodies Other CT scan Other
Antiphospholipid syndrome + + - - - - +/- Antiphospholipid antibodies Thrombocytopenia, Hemolytic anemia - Lupus anticoagulant (LA) Stroke,

Pulmonary embolism, Budd-Chiari syndrome

- Noninflammatory bland thrombosis without perivascular inflammation Hx of thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies Miscarriage, Pulmonary hypertension
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Thrombosis Thrombophilia DIC
ITP
HUS
HELLP
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Myeloproliferative diseases
Recurrent pregnancy loss Uterine abnormality
Chromosomal abnormality
Hypothyroidism

References

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