Dientamoeba fragilis: Difference between revisions
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{{Taxobox | {{Dientamoebiasis}} | ||
| color = khaki | {{Taxobox| color = khaki | ||
| name = ''Dientamoeba fragilis'' | | name = ''Dientamoeba fragilis'' | ||
| domain = [[Eukaryote|Eukaryota]] | | domain = [[Eukaryote|Eukaryota]] | ||
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| binomial = ''Dientamoeba fragilis'' | | binomial = ''Dientamoeba fragilis'' | ||
}} | }} | ||
__NOTOC__ | |||
{{About0|Dientamoebiasis}} | |||
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' | |||
{{CMG}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
'''''Dientamoeba fragilis''''' is a single celled parasite that infects the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Trophozoites of ''D. fragilis'' characteristically have two nuclei, hence the 'DI' prefix to the genus name. However, the rest of the genus name indicates that it is an ENTeric AMOEBA and not that it is related to intestinal parasites of the genus ''Entamoeba''. The species name refers to the fact that the trophozoite stages are fragile - they do not survive long in the stool after leaving the body of the human host. | '''''Dientamoeba fragilis''''' is a single celled parasite that infects the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Trophozoites of ''D. fragilis'' characteristically have two nuclei, hence the 'DI' prefix to the genus name. However, the rest of the genus name indicates that it is an ENTeric AMOEBA and not that it is related to intestinal parasites of the genus ''Entamoeba''. The species name refers to the fact that the trophozoite stages are fragile - they do not survive long in the stool after leaving the body of the human host. | ||
== | ==Dientamoebiasis== | ||
Infection with ''Dientamoeba fragilis'' is called [[Dientamoebiasis]] and is associated variously with symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fever. | Infection with ''Dientamoeba fragilis'' is called [[Dientamoebiasis]] and is associated variously with symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fever. | ||
==Phylogenetics== | ==Phylogenetics== | ||
''Dientamoeba fragilis'' is a type of [[trichomonad]]. Trichomonads are flagellated organisms but ''D. fragilis'' lacks flagella, having secondarily 'lost' them over evolutionary time. Thus, it is an amoeba of flagellate ancestry. | ''Dientamoeba fragilis'' is a type of [[trichomonad]]. Trichomonads are flagellated organisms but ''D. fragilis'' lacks flagella, having secondarily 'lost' them over evolutionary time. Thus, it is an amoeba of flagellate ancestry. | ||
==Life Cycle== | ==Life Cycle== | ||
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''Dientamoeba fragilis'' replicates by [[binary fission]] and moves by [[pseudopodia]]. ''D. fragilis'' feeds by [[phagocytosis]]. The cytoplasm typically contains numerous food [[vacuole]]s that contain ingested debris, including bacteria. Waste materials are eliminated from the cell through digestive vacuoles by [[exocytosis]]. ''D. fragilis'' possesses some flagellate characteristics. In the binucleate form there is a spindle structure located between the nuclei, which stems from certain polar configurations adjacent to a nucleus—these configurations appear to be homologous to hypermastigotes’ atractophores. There is a complex [[Golgi apparatus]]; the nuclear structure of ''D. fragilis'' is more similar to that of flagellated trichomonads than to that of ''Entamoeba''. Also notable is the presence of [[hydrogenosome]]s, which are also a characteristic of other trichomonads. | ''Dientamoeba fragilis'' replicates by [[binary fission]] and moves by [[pseudopodia]]. ''D. fragilis'' feeds by [[phagocytosis]]. The cytoplasm typically contains numerous food [[vacuole]]s that contain ingested debris, including bacteria. Waste materials are eliminated from the cell through digestive vacuoles by [[exocytosis]]. ''D. fragilis'' possesses some flagellate characteristics. In the binucleate form there is a spindle structure located between the nuclei, which stems from certain polar configurations adjacent to a nucleus—these configurations appear to be homologous to hypermastigotes’ atractophores. There is a complex [[Golgi apparatus]]; the nuclear structure of ''D. fragilis'' is more similar to that of flagellated trichomonads than to that of ''Entamoeba''. Also notable is the presence of [[hydrogenosome]]s, which are also a characteristic of other trichomonads. | ||
== | ==Gallery== | ||
= | <gallery> | ||
{{ | |||
Image: Dientamoeba fragilis05.jpeg| Iron-hematoxylin stained photomicrograph depicts a binucleated amoebic trophozoite of a Dientamoeba fragilis parasite. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Dientamoeba fragilis04.jpeg| Photomicrograph reveals the presence of a trichrome-stained, Dientamoeba fragilis parasitic trophozoites in this specimen. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Dientamoeba fragilis03.jpeg| Photomicrograph reveals the presence of a trichrome-stained, Dientamoeba fragilis parasitic trophozoites in this specimen. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Dientamoeba fragilis01.jpeg| Trichrome-stained photomicrograph reveals the presence of a parasitic Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite (1150x mag). <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
</gallery> | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Metamonads]] | [[Category:Metamonads]] | ||
[[Category:Parasites]] | [[Category:Parasites]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:56, 10 August 2015
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Dientamoebiasis Microchapters |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Dientamoeba fragilis On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Dientamoeba fragilis |
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| Dientamoeba fragilis |
For patient information click here Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Dientamoeba fragilis is a single celled parasite that infects the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Trophozoites of D. fragilis characteristically have two nuclei, hence the 'DI' prefix to the genus name. However, the rest of the genus name indicates that it is an ENTeric AMOEBA and not that it is related to intestinal parasites of the genus Entamoeba. The species name refers to the fact that the trophozoite stages are fragile - they do not survive long in the stool after leaving the body of the human host.
Dientamoebiasis
Infection with Dientamoeba fragilis is called Dientamoebiasis and is associated variously with symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fever.
Phylogenetics
Dientamoeba fragilis is a type of trichomonad. Trichomonads are flagellated organisms but D. fragilis lacks flagella, having secondarily 'lost' them over evolutionary time. Thus, it is an amoeba of flagellate ancestry.
Life Cycle
The life cycle of this parasite has not yet been completely determined, but some assumptions have been made based on clinical data. To date, a cyst stage has not been identified in D. fragilis, and the trophozoite is the only stage found in stools of infected individuals. Like other intestinal parasites, D. fragilis is probably transmitted by the fecal-oral route. In the absence of a cyst form, transmission via helminth eggs (e.g., Ascaris, Enterobius spp.) has been postulated. The rationale for this suggestion is that D. fragilis is closely related to the turkey parasite Histomonas, which is known to be transmitted via the eggs of the helminth Heterakis.
Microbiology
Dientamoeba fragilis replicates by binary fission and moves by pseudopodia. D. fragilis feeds by phagocytosis. The cytoplasm typically contains numerous food vacuoles that contain ingested debris, including bacteria. Waste materials are eliminated from the cell through digestive vacuoles by exocytosis. D. fragilis possesses some flagellate characteristics. In the binucleate form there is a spindle structure located between the nuclei, which stems from certain polar configurations adjacent to a nucleus—these configurations appear to be homologous to hypermastigotes’ atractophores. There is a complex Golgi apparatus; the nuclear structure of D. fragilis is more similar to that of flagellated trichomonads than to that of Entamoeba. Also notable is the presence of hydrogenosomes, which are also a characteristic of other trichomonads.
Gallery
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![Iron-hematoxylin stained photomicrograph depicts a binucleated amoebic trophozoite of a Dientamoeba fragilis parasite. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/9/93/Dientamoeba_fragilis05.jpeg)
Iron-hematoxylin stained photomicrograph depicts a binucleated amoebic trophozoite of a Dientamoeba fragilis parasite. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
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![Photomicrograph reveals the presence of a trichrome-stained, Dientamoeba fragilis parasitic trophozoites in this specimen. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/d/dd/Dientamoeba_fragilis04.jpeg)
Photomicrograph reveals the presence of a trichrome-stained, Dientamoeba fragilis parasitic trophozoites in this specimen. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
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![Photomicrograph reveals the presence of a trichrome-stained, Dientamoeba fragilis parasitic trophozoites in this specimen. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/8/86/Dientamoeba_fragilis03.jpeg)
Photomicrograph reveals the presence of a trichrome-stained, Dientamoeba fragilis parasitic trophozoites in this specimen. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![Trichrome-stained photomicrograph reveals the presence of a parasitic Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite (1150x mag). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/a/a9/Dientamoeba_fragilis01.jpeg)
Trichrome-stained photomicrograph reveals the presence of a parasitic Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite (1150x mag). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
![Iron-hematoxylin stained photomicrograph depicts a binucleated amoebic trophozoite of a Dientamoeba fragilis parasite. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Dientamoeba_fragilis05.jpeg)
![Photomicrograph reveals the presence of a trichrome-stained, Dientamoeba fragilis parasitic trophozoites in this specimen. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Dientamoeba_fragilis04.jpeg)
![Photomicrograph reveals the presence of a trichrome-stained, Dientamoeba fragilis parasitic trophozoites in this specimen. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Dientamoeba_fragilis03.jpeg)
![Trichrome-stained photomicrograph reveals the presence of a parasitic Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite (1150x mag). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Dientamoeba_fragilis01.jpeg)