Hydrogenosome
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A hydrogenosome is a membrane-bound organelle of ciliates, trichomonads and fungi. It produces molecular hydrogen and ATP. This organelle is thought to have most likely evolved from mitochondria.
History
Hydrogenosomes were discovered in the early 1970s by Lindmark and Müller in the US[1].
Description
Hydrogenosomes are approximately 1 micrometre in diameter and are so called because they produce molecular hydrogen. Like mitochondria, they are bound by distinct double membranes and have an inner membrane with some cristae-like projections. Hydrogenosomes evolved from mitochondria by the concomitant loss of classical mitochondrial features, most notably its genome. A hydrogenosomal genome could not be detected in Neocallimastix, Trichomonas vaginalis and Trichomonas foetus [1]. However, a hydrogenosomal genome has been detected in the coackroach ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis in 1998 [1].
Sources
The best studied hydrogenosomes are those of the sexually transmitted parasites Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus and those from rumen chytrids such as Neocallimastix.
The anaerobic ciliated protozoan Nyctotherus ovalis, found in the hindgut of several species of cockroach, has numerous hydrogenosomes that are intimately associated with endosymbiotic methane-producing Archaea, the latter using the hydrogen produced by the hydrogenosomes. The matrix of N. ovalis hydrogenosomes contains ribosome-like particles of the same size as a numerous type of ribosome (70s) of the endosymbiotic methanogenic Archaea. This suggested the presence of an organellar genome which was discovered indeed by Akhmanova and later partly sequenced by Boxma.[1][1]
References
de:Hydrogenosomnl:Hydrogenosoom ja:ハイドロジェノソーム
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
