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==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
* The known history of diabetes dates back to the Egyptian era, and the first documented evidence was found in an Egyptian papyrus dating back to 1552 BC. | |||
* In 1886, Dreschfeld provided the first description of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the modern medical literature. He described it in one of his lectures on diabetic coma and labelled it as one of the sudden causes of death in diabetes.<ref name="pmid20751675">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dreschfeld J |title=The Bradshawe Lecture on Diabetic Coma |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=1338 |pages=358–63 |year=1886 |pmid=20751675 |pmc=2256374 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* In 1971, DKA was referred to as a bihormonal disorder involving insulin deficiency and glucagon excess.<ref name="pmid8325282">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fleckman AM |title=Diabetic ketoacidosis |journal=Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=181–207 |year=1993 |pmid=8325282 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* In 1922 insulin was discovered and isolated by Banting and Best, after which they used it to treat patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. | |||
* In 1945, a study was conducted and it was found that the mortality of diabetic ketoacidosis was reduced from to 12% in 1940 and to 1.6% by 1945 using high doses of insulin. | |||
* In Birmingham, UK, high-dose insulin was also being used with similar success with doses varying depending on the degree of consciousness, with those unarousable on admission given doses between 500 and 1400 units per 24 hours.<ref name="pmid28364357">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dhatariya KK, Vellanki P |title=Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)/Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS): Novel Advances in the Management of Hyperglycemic Crises (UK Versus USA) |journal=Curr. Diab. Rep. |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=33 |year=2017 |pmid=28364357 |pmc=5375966 |doi=10.1007/s11892-017-0857-4 |url=}}</ref> | |||
* | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Overview
Historical Perspective
- The known history of diabetes dates back to the Egyptian era, and the first documented evidence was found in an Egyptian papyrus dating back to 1552 BC.
- In 1886, Dreschfeld provided the first description of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the modern medical literature. He described it in one of his lectures on diabetic coma and labelled it as one of the sudden causes of death in diabetes.[1]
- In 1971, DKA was referred to as a bihormonal disorder involving insulin deficiency and glucagon excess.[2]
- In 1922 insulin was discovered and isolated by Banting and Best, after which they used it to treat patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.
- In 1945, a study was conducted and it was found that the mortality of diabetic ketoacidosis was reduced from to 12% in 1940 and to 1.6% by 1945 using high doses of insulin.
- In Birmingham, UK, high-dose insulin was also being used with similar success with doses varying depending on the degree of consciousness, with those unarousable on admission given doses between 500 and 1400 units per 24 hours.[3]
References
- ↑ Dreschfeld J (1886). "The Bradshawe Lecture on Diabetic Coma". Br Med J. 2 (1338): 358–63. PMC 2256374. PMID 20751675.
- ↑ Fleckman AM (1993). "Diabetic ketoacidosis". Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 22 (2): 181–207. PMID 8325282.
- ↑ Dhatariya KK, Vellanki P (2017). "Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)/Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS): Novel Advances in the Management of Hyperglycemic Crises (UK Versus USA)". Curr. Diab. Rep. 17 (5): 33. doi:10.1007/s11892-017-0857-4. PMC 5375966. PMID 28364357.