Congestive heart failure complications

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.


Complications of heart failure

1. Cardiac Arrhythmias:

  • Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation can occur as serious complications of heart failure when its pump function is severely impaired. This further worsens the cardiac output and even possible death.
  • Atrial fibrillation which is rapid beating of atrium without optimal forward pumping of blood is another complication of heart failure which occurs as a result of resistance to blood flow from atrium to ventricles. These patients are at increased risk of stroke.
  • Left bundle branch block is an abnormality in electrical conduction in the heart.

2. Congestion:

3. Angina and myocardial infarction: Cardiac ischemia and infarction can also occur when heart failure patients undergo exertion.

4. Renal failure: Renal impairment can occur secondary to decreased renal perfusion. This further worsens heart failure by fluid retention.

5. Cardiac cachexia: Unintentional rapid weight loss (a loss of at least 7.5% of normal weight within 6 months) can occur in chronic heart failure[2]. This is a bad prognostic factor.

References

  1. Moussavian SN, Dincsoy HP, Goodman S, Helm RA, Bozian RC (1982). "Severe hyperbilirubinemia and coma in chronic congestive heart failure". Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 27 (2): 175–80. PMID 7075414. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  2. Freeman LM (2009). "The pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia". Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care. 3 (4): 276–81. doi:10.1097/SPC.0b013e32833237f1. PMID 19797959. Retrieved 2011-04-30. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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