Condensation reaction

Revision as of 15:15, 29 May 2009 by Brian Blank (talk | contribs)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

WikiDoc Resources for Condensation reaction

Articles

Most recent articles on Condensation reaction

Most cited articles on Condensation reaction

Review articles on Condensation reaction

Articles on Condensation reaction in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Condensation reaction

Images of Condensation reaction

Photos of Condensation reaction

Podcasts & MP3s on Condensation reaction

Videos on Condensation reaction

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Condensation reaction

Bandolier on Condensation reaction

TRIP on Condensation reaction

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Condensation reaction at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Condensation reaction

Clinical Trials on Condensation reaction at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Condensation reaction

NICE Guidance on Condensation reaction

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Condensation reaction

CDC on Condensation reaction

Books

Books on Condensation reaction

News

Condensation reaction in the news

Be alerted to news on Condensation reaction

News trends on Condensation reaction

Commentary

Blogs on Condensation reaction

Definitions

Definitions of Condensation reaction

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Condensation reaction

Discussion groups on Condensation reaction

Patient Handouts on Condensation reaction

Directions to Hospitals Treating Condensation reaction

Risk calculators and risk factors for Condensation reaction

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Condensation reaction

Causes & Risk Factors for Condensation reaction

Diagnostic studies for Condensation reaction

Treatment of Condensation reaction

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Condensation reaction

International

Condensation reaction en Espanol

Condensation reaction en Francais

Business

Condensation reaction in the Marketplace

Patents on Condensation reaction

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Condensation reaction

Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

A condensation reaction is a chemical reaction in which two molecules or moieties combine to form one single molecule, together with the loss of a small molecule.[1] When this small molecule is water, it is known as a dehydration reaction; other possible small molecules lost are hydrogen chloride, methanol, or acetic acid.

A condensation reaction may be considered as the opposite of a hydrolysis reaction (the cleavage of a chemical entity into two parts by the action of water).

Mechanism

Many condensation reactions follow a nucleophilic acyl substitution or an aldol condensation reaction mechanism. Other condensations, such as the acyloin condensation are triggered by radical or single electron transfer conditions.

The synthesis of polymers, where monomers react and become covalently bonded with one another through the loss of a water molecule.

Condensation reactions in polymer chemistry

In polymer chemistry, a series of condensation reactions take place whereby monomers or monomer chains add to each other to form longer chains. This may also be termed as 'condensation polymerization' or 'step-growth polymerization'. It occurs either as a homopolymerization of an A-B monomer or a polymerization of two co-monomers A-A and B-B. Small molecule condensates are usually liberated, unlike in polyaddition where there is no liberation of small molecules.

A high conversion rate is required to achieve high molecular weights as per Carothers' equation.

In general, condensation polymers form more slowly than addition polymers, often requiring heat. They are generally lower in molecular weight. Monomers are consumed early in the reaction; the terminal functional groups remain active throughout and short chains combine to form longer chains. Bifunctional monomers lead to linear chains (and therefore thermoplastic polymers), but when the monomer functionality exceeds two, the product is a thermoset polymer.

Applications

This type of reaction is used as a basis for the making of many important polymers for example: nylon, polyester and other condensation polymers and various epoxies. It is also the basis for the laboratory formation of silicates and polyphosphates. The reactions that form acid anhydrides from their constituent acids are typically condensation reactions. Other organic condensation reactions are Aldol condensations, self-condensation, the acyloin condensation and the benzoin condensation.

Many biological transformations are condensation reactions. Polypeptide synthesis, polyketide synthesis, terpene syntheses, phosphorylation, and glycosylations are a few examples.

References

Template:SIB

Template:WikiDoc Sources