Concussion physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Diagnosis of MTBI is based on physical and neurological exams, duration of unconsciousness (usually less than 30 minutes) and post-traumatic amnesia (PTA; usually less than 24 hours), and the Glasgow Coma Scale (MTBI sufferers have scores of 13 to 15).[1] Neuropsychological tests exist to measure cognitive function.[2] The tests may be administered hours, days, or weeks after the injury, or at different times to determine whether there is a trend in the patient's condition.[3] Athletes may be tested before a sports season begins to provide a baseline comparison in the event of an injury.[4]
Health care providers examine head trauma survivors to ensure that the injury is not a more severe medical emergency such as an intracranial hemorrhage. Indications that screening for more serious injury is needed include worsening of symptoms such as headache, persistent vomiting,[5] increasing disorientation or a deteriorating level of consciousness,[6] seizures, and unequal pupil size.<ref name="cdcfacts"> {{ cite web|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date=2006 |url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/tbi/contents.htm |title=Facts About Concussion and Brain Injury |accessdate=2008-01-13
References
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- ↑
- ↑ Moser RS, Iverson GL, Echemendia RJ, Lovell MR, Schatz P, Webbe FM; et al. (2007). "Neuropsychological evaluation in the diagnosis and management of sports-related concussion". Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 22 (8): 909–916. PMID 17988831.
- ↑ Maroon JC, Lovell MR, Norwig J, Podell K, Powell JW, Hartl R (2000). "Cerebral concussion in athletes: Evaluation and neuropsychological testing". Neurosurgery. 47 (3): 659–669, discussion 669–672. PMID 10981754.
- ↑ Cook RS, Schweer L, Shebesta KF, Hartjes K, Falcone RA (2006). "Mild traumatic brain injury in children: Just another bump on the head?". Journal of Trauma Nursing. 13 (2): 58–65. PMID 16884134.
- ↑ Kay A, Teasdale G (2001). "Head injury in the United Kingdom". World Journal of Surgery. 25 (9): 1210–1220. doi:10.1007/s00268-001-0084-6. PMID 11571960.