Chronic liver disease

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List of terms related to Chronic liver disease

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Chronic liver disease is a liver disease of slow process and persisting over a long period of time, resulting in a progressive destruction of the liver.

Causes

It can refer to:

• Cirrhosis
• Alcoholic liver disease
• Hepatitis C
• Hepatitis B
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Liver failure
• Portal hypertension
• Hemochromatosis
• Wilson's disease
• Gaucher disease
• Liver cancer
• Hepatoma
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Sarcoidosis
• Zellweger syndrome

Risk Factors

• Health care professionals who are exposed to body fluids and infected blood

• Individuals who get multiple tattoos and body piercing

• Certain prescription medications

• Excessive alcohol use

• Having high levels of fat in the blood

• Sharing infected needle and syringes

• Obesity

• Having unprotected sex and multiple sex partners

• Working with toxic chemicals without wearing safety clothes

Natural History, Complications, Prognosis

Complications

• Portal hypertension
• Hypoalbuminaemia
• Coagulopathy
• Hepatopulmonary syndrome
• Hepatorenal syndrome
• Encephalopathy
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (also called hepatoma)

Diagnosis

Physical examination

Skin

• Increased pigmentation of the skin
• Tattoos
• Scratch marks

Eyes

• Kayser-Fleischer ring

• Jaundice

Heart

• Signs of right heart failure

Lungs

• Hyperventilation

Abdomen

• Hepatomegaly
• Ascites
• Spider nevi (angiomata)

• Caput medusae

Extremities

• Dupuytren's contracture

• Leukonychia

• Peripheral oedema
• Bruising

• Clubbing

• Palmar erythema

Neurologic

• Peripheral neuropathy
• Cerebellar signs

• Metabolic Flap/Asterixis

• Drowsiness

Other

• Parotidomegally
• Gynaecomastia
• Feminising hair distribution
• Testicular atrophy
• Anaemia

See Also

• Hepato-biliary diseases

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