Bronchitis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Bronchitis is usually a diagnosis of exclusion. Presence of [[cough]] without [[fever]] lasting more than 5 days and with normal vitals (no [[tachypnea]] or [[tachycardia]]) is suggestive of acute bronchitis. The presentation may vary according to the pathogen involved.
Bronchitis presents with the respiratory symptoms such as: cough and sputum production also it has some constitutional features.
 
==History==
==History==
* [[Bronchitis]] is common in patients with a history of smoking, low socio-economic status, residing in industrial or heavy pollutant areas, and exposure to toxic substance. Thus, obtaining a personal and socio-economic history is very important.
Acute bronchitis presents with recent onset cough and fever usually accompanied with constitutional symptoms.<br>Chronic bronchitis, by definition is a chronic condition with productive cough and dyspnea lasting more than three months for two consecutive year.  
* Bronchitis is usually a diagnosis of exclusion. Thus, past medical history to rule out asthma, and allergic history is important.


==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==


===Acute Bronchitis===
===Acute Bronchitis===
*[[Cough]] with [[sputum]] production (clear, yellow, green, or even blood-tinged) is the (commonest) symptom. Initially, it may be difficult to distinguish a acute bronchitis from upper respiratory tract infection. However, a cough lasting > 5 days indicates a diagnosis of Bronchitis. Cough usually last for 1-2 weeks in acute bronchitis. Even after [[acute bronchitis]] has cleared, you may have a dry, nagging [[cough]] that lingers for several weeks. A yellow-green sputum production is more likely to be a [[bacterial infection]].
Symptoms of [[acute bronchitis]]are typically related to irritation of airways. Sometimes, constitutional symptoms presents<ref name="pmid21121518">{{cite journal |vauthors=Albert RH |title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchitis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=82 |issue=11 |pages=1345–50 |year=2010 |pmid=21121518 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.
* [[Sore throat]], runny nose.
 
*[[Fatigue]], muscle aches
'''1. Bronchial irritation symptoms:'''
*[[Fever]] -- may suggest pathogens like influenza or adenovirus as causative organisms
:*[[Cough]]
*[[Shortness of breath]], worsened by [[exertion]] or mild activity
:*[[Hoarseness]]
*[[Wheezing]]
:*Phlegm production
*[[Chest discomfort]]
<font size="1">Note that despite common sense,phlegm production does not necessarily indicate bacterial infection<ref name="pmid21121518">{{cite journal |vauthors=Albert RH |title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchitis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=82 |issue=11 |pages=1345–50 |year=2010 |pmid=21121518 |doi= |url=}}</ref>.</font>
* Difficulty in breathing and blue discoloration of extremities can be seen in late stages of the disease
 
'''2. Constitutional Symptoms:'''
:*[[Chest pain]]
:*[[Fever]]
:*[[malaise]]
:*[[Myalgia]]
 
===Chronic bronchitis===
Productive cough with gradual progression to intermittent shortness of breath. <ref>[http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Copd/Copd_SignsAndSymptoms.html U.S. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute - Signs and Symptoms]</ref>  It is possible the sputum may contain blood ([[hemoptysis]]), usually due to damage of the blood vessels of the airways. An acute exacerbation may present as productive cough or an acute chest illness. The cough usually is worse in the mornings and produces a small amount of colorless sputum. The frequency and severity of acute exacerbation usually increases as the disease progresses.


Additional symptoms of [[chronic bronchitis]] include:                                                                             
Additional symptoms of [[chronic bronchitis]] include:                                                                             
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*Frequent [[respiratory]] [[infections]] (such as [[colds]] or the [[flu]])
*Frequent [[respiratory]] [[infections]] (such as [[colds]] or the [[flu]])


===Additional Symptoms Based on Different Pathogens===
====Influenza Virus, Adenovirus====
* Fever, chills, headache, myalgia
====Parainfluenza Virus====
* Children may present with a hoarse, ringing cough and stridulous, difficult breathing
* Common in autumn season
* Common cause of outbreak in nursing homes.
====Respiratory Syncytial Virus====
* Common in winter and spring.
* Family history of exposure to an infant with bronchiolitis is important.
====Rhinovirus====
* Mild symptoms
====Atypical Bacteria====
====Bordetella Pertusis====
* Commonly affects young adults
* Incubation 1-3 weeks
* [[Cough]] lasting > 2 weeks
* [[Fever]] uncommon


====Mycoplasma Pneumoniae and Chlamydiae Pneumonia====
* Subacute onset, 2-3 week (helps in differentiating from [[Influenza]])
* Common in closed environment (military bases, schools, hostels)


===Chronic Bronchitis===
===Chronic Bronchitis===

Revision as of 20:55, 14 September 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

Bronchitis Main page

Patient Information

Overview

Causes

Classification

Acute bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis

Differential Diagnosis

Overview

Bronchitis presents with the respiratory symptoms such as: cough and sputum production also it has some constitutional features.

History

Acute bronchitis presents with recent onset cough and fever usually accompanied with constitutional symptoms.
Chronic bronchitis, by definition is a chronic condition with productive cough and dyspnea lasting more than three months for two consecutive year.

Symptoms

Acute Bronchitis

Symptoms of acute bronchitisare typically related to irritation of airways. Sometimes, constitutional symptoms presents[1].

1. Bronchial irritation symptoms:

Note that despite common sense,phlegm production does not necessarily indicate bacterial infection[1].

2. Constitutional Symptoms:

Chronic bronchitis

Productive cough with gradual progression to intermittent shortness of breath. [2] It is possible the sputum may contain blood (hemoptysis), usually due to damage of the blood vessels of the airways. An acute exacerbation may present as productive cough or an acute chest illness. The cough usually is worse in the mornings and produces a small amount of colorless sputum. The frequency and severity of acute exacerbation usually increases as the disease progresses.

Additional symptoms of chronic bronchitis include:


Chronic Bronchitis

  • Cough with sputum expectoration for at least 3 months a year during a period of 2 consecutive years. The patient may give a history of seasonal worsening of cough (winters)followed by progression of cough from seasonal to perennial, increased frequency, duration and severity of symptoms.
  • Difficulty in breathing and blue discoloration of extremities can be seen in late stages of the disease.
  • Shortness of breath, worsened by exertion or mild activity
  • Wheezing
  • Chest discomfort

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Albert RH (2010). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchitis". Am Fam Physician. 82 (11): 1345–50. PMID 21121518.
  2. ↑ U.S. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute - Signs and Symptoms


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