Bell's palsy natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
*Complications of Bell’s palsy include:<ref name="pmid17956069">{{cite journal| author=Tiemstra JD, Khatkhate N| title=Bell's palsy: diagnosis and management. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2007 | volume= 76 | issue= 7 | pages= 997-1002 | pmid=17956069 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17956069 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28798513">{{cite journal| author=Somasundara D, Sullivan F| title=Management of Bell's palsy. | journal=Aust Prescr | year= 2017 | volume= 40 | issue= 3 | pages= 94-97 | pmid=28798513 | doi=10.18773/austprescr.2017.030 | pmc=5478391 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28798513 }} </ref> | *Complications of Bell’s palsy include:<ref name="pmid17956069">{{cite journal| author=Tiemstra JD, Khatkhate N| title=Bell's palsy: diagnosis and management. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2007 | volume= 76 | issue= 7 | pages= 997-1002 | pmid=17956069 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17956069 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28798513">{{cite journal| author=Somasundara D, Sullivan F| title=Management of Bell's palsy. | journal=Aust Prescr | year= 2017 | volume= 40 | issue= 3 | pages= 94-97 | pmid=28798513 | doi=10.18773/austprescr.2017.030 | pmc=5478391 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28798513 }} </ref> | ||
** Incomplete eyelid closure with resultant dry eye | ** Incomplete [[eyelid]] closure with resultant dry [[eye]] | ||
** Permanent facial weakness with muscle contractures | ** Permanent [[facial weakness]] with [[muscle]] [[contractures]] | ||
** Motor synkinesis (involuntary movement of muscles occurring at the same time as deliberate movement, e.g. involuntary mouth movement during voluntary eye closure) | ** Motor [[synkinesis]] (involuntary movement of muscles occurring at the same time as deliberate movement, e.g. involuntary mouth movement during voluntary eye closure) | ||
** Crocodile tears (tears when eating due to misdirection of regenerating gustatory fibres destined for the salivary glands, so that they become secretory | ** Crocodile tears (tears when eating due to misdirection of regenerating [[gustatory]] fibres destined for the [[Salivary gland|salivary glands]], so that they become [[Secretory component|secretory]] [[Fiber|fibre]]<nowiki/>s to the [[lacrimal gland]] and cause [[ipsilateral]] tearing while the patient is eating) | ||
** Incomplete recovery | ** Incomplete recovery | ||
** Contracture of facial muscles | ** Contracture of [[facial muscles]] | ||
** Reduction or loss of taste sensation | ** Reduction or loss of taste [[sensation]] | ||
** Problems with dysarthria due to facial muscle weakness | ** Problems with [[dysarthria]] due to facial [[muscle weakness]] | ||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
*Prognosis is generally good. | |||
*The presence of complete palsy, advanced age and Herpes zoster infection is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with Bell's palsy. | |||
Revision as of 15:54, 4 May 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The onset of Bell's palsy is sudden and symptoms typically peak fast, within a few days and include:[1][2]
- the main symptom is acute peripheral facial weakness.
- Additional symptoms may include:
- Pain in or behind the ear
- Numbness or tingling in the affected side of the face usually without any objective deficit on neurological examination
- Hyperacusis and disturbed taste on the ipsilateral anterior part of the tongue
Complications
- Complications of Bell’s palsy include:[3][4]
- Incomplete eyelid closure with resultant dry eye
- Permanent facial weakness with muscle contractures
- Motor synkinesis (involuntary movement of muscles occurring at the same time as deliberate movement, e.g. involuntary mouth movement during voluntary eye closure)
- Crocodile tears (tears when eating due to misdirection of regenerating gustatory fibres destined for the salivary glands, so that they become secretory fibres to the lacrimal gland and cause ipsilateral tearing while the patient is eating)
- Incomplete recovery
- Contracture of facial muscles
- Reduction or loss of taste sensation
- Problems with dysarthria due to facial muscle weakness
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally good.
- The presence of complete palsy, advanced age and Herpes zoster infection is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with Bell's palsy.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- The House-Brackmann grading system was devised both as a clinical indicator of severity and also an objective record of progress.
- Clinically incomplete lesions tend to recover.
- The natural history without treatment was described in a study of 1011 patients in 1982:
- 67% had incomplete paralysis, with 94% rate of return to normal function
- 33% had complete paralysis, with 60% rate of return to normal function
- By 3 weeks, 71% had complete recovery, 13% had slight sequelae , and 16% had residual weakness
- Herpes zoster is associated with more severe paresis and worse prognosis compared with "idiopathic" Bell's palsy.
- There is a favorable prognosis if some recovery is seen within the first 21 days of onset.
- In severe lesions that recover, the outgrowth of new axons from the injury site may be disorganized and misdirected.
- On blinking there is twitching of the angle of the mouth, and on smiling the eye may close or wink.
- With misdirected autonomic fibers, a salivary stimulus may result in excess lacrimation, the syndrome of "crocodile tears."
- Recurrent attacks on either the ipsilateral or contralateral side have been observed in 7 to 15% of patients.
References
- ↑ Murthy JM, Saxena AB (2011). "Bell's palsy: Treatment guidelines". Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 14 (Suppl 1): S70–2. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.83092. PMC 3152161. PMID 21847333.
- ↑ Hauser WA, Karnes WE, Annis J, Kurland LT (1971). "Incidence and prognosis of Bell's palsy in the population of Rochester, Minnesota". Mayo Clin Proc. 46 (4): 258–64. PMID 5573820.
- ↑ Tiemstra JD, Khatkhate N (2007). "Bell's palsy: diagnosis and management". Am Fam Physician. 76 (7): 997–1002. PMID 17956069.
- ↑ Somasundara D, Sullivan F (2017). "Management of Bell's palsy". Aust Prescr. 40 (3): 94–97. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2017.030. PMC 5478391. PMID 28798513.