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{{Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor}}
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==Overview==
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor was first reported by Bonnin et al., in 1984. It was incorporated as a separate entity into the [[World Health Organization|WHO]] [[classification]] of [[Tumor|tumors]] of the [[nervous system]], in 1993.


==Historical Perspective==  
==Historical Perspective==  
*Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor was first reported by Bonnin et al., in 1984.<ref name="GinnGajjar2012">{{cite journal|last1=Ginn|first1=Kevin F.|last2=Gajjar|first2=Amar|title=Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor: Current Therapy and Future Directions|journal=Frontiers in Oncology|volume=2|year=2012|issn=2234-943X|doi=10.3389/fonc.2012.00114}}</ref>
*Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor was first reported by Bonnin et al., in 1984.<ref name="GinnGajjar2012">{{cite journal|last1=Ginn|first1=Kevin F.|last2=Gajjar|first2=Amar|title=Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor: Current Therapy and Future Directions|journal=Frontiers in Oncology|volume=2|year=2012|issn=2234-943X|doi=10.3389/fonc.2012.00114}}</ref>
*It was incorporated as a separate entity into the WHO classification of tumors of the nervous system, in 1993.
*It was incorporated as a separate entity into the [[World Health Organization|WHO]] [[classification]] of [[tumors]] of the [[nervous system]], in 1993.
*After the first case of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor was reported, it was followed by a series of multiple case reports by Biggs et al. (1987); Ho et al. (1990); Chou and Anderson (1991); Agranovich et al. (1992); and Satoh et al. (1993).
*After the first case of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor was reported, it was followed by a series of multiple [[Case report|case reports]] by Biggs et al. (1987); Ho et al. (1990); Chou and Anderson (1991); Agranovich et al. (1992); and Satoh et al. (1993).
 
*Previously reported cases of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor were often associated with [[Malignant rhabdoid tumor|malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT)]] of the [[kidney]], which had been identified a decade earlier upon central review of [[Wilms' tumor]] treated in a collaborative group. This group noted that certain patients had [[Tumor|tumors]] with different [[Pathology|pathologic]] features and that these features were associated with significantly worse outcomes.<ref name="GinnGajjar2012">{{cite journal|last1=Ginn|first1=Kevin F.|last2=Gajjar|first2=Amar|title=Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor: Current Therapy and Future Directions|journal=Frontiers in Oncology|volume=2|year=2012|issn=2234-943X|doi=10.3389/fonc.2012.00114}}</ref>
 
*Similarly, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor was often categorized with [[Primitive neuroectodermal tumors|primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs)]], along with [[medulloblastoma]], due to [[Histology|histologic]] similarities, but they are now separated from other [[Germ cell tumor|embryonal tumors]] by the presence of rhabdoid [[Cell (biology)|cells]] and specific [[immunohistochemistry]].
 
*Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor was only recognized as an entity in 1996 and added to the [[World Health Organization|World Health Organization (WHO)]] [[brain tumor]] [[classification]] in 2000 (grade IV).<ref name="hi9atrtjhjh">Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_teratoid_rhabdoid_tumor. Accessed on December 14, 2015</ref>
 
 
 
 
 
 
AT/RT of the [[central nervous system]] (CNS) was first described in 1987<ref>Rorke and her associates at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia</ref>  Early subsequent reports called this kind of CNS tumor either atypical teratoid rhaboid tumor or [[rhabdoid tumour|malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT)]] of the CNS.  Between 1978 and 1987, AT/RT likely was misdiagnosed as [[rhabdoid tumor]]. Before 1978, when [[rhabdoid tumor]] was described, AT/RT likely was misdiagnosed as [[medulloblastoma]]. However, both AT/RT and non-CNS MRT have a worse prognosis and are resistant to the standard treatment protocols for medulloblastoma.
 
By 1995, AT/RT had become regarded as a newly defined aggressive, biologically unique class of primarily [[brain tumor|brain]] and [[spinal tumor]]s, primarily affecting infants and young children.  In January 2001, the U.S. [[National Cancer Institute]] and Office of Rare Diseases hosted a Workshop on Childhood Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors of the Central Nervous System.  Twenty-two participants from 14 different institutions came together to discuss the biology, treatments and new strategies for these tumors. The consensus paper on the biology of the tumor was published in Clinical Research. Given the rare nature of this tumor, and its recent definition, there have been less than fifty (50) papers in the literature on AT/RT since it was initially reported.
 
The recent recognition that CNS atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) have deletions of the INI1 gene indicates that rhabdoid tumors of the kidney and brain are identical or closely related entities. This observation is not surprising because rhabdoid tumors at both locations possess similar histologic, clinical, and demographic features.


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 19:10, 14 May 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

Overview

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor was first reported by Bonnin et al., in 1984. It was incorporated as a separate entity into the WHO classification of tumors of the nervous system, in 1993.

Historical Perspective

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Ginn, Kevin F.; Gajjar, Amar (2012). "Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor: Current Therapy and Future Directions". Frontiers in Oncology. 2. doi:10.3389/fonc.2012.00114. ISSN 2234-943X.
  2. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_teratoid_rhabdoid_tumor. Accessed on December 14, 2015

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