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{{Atrial septal defect}}
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [[mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]]; {{CZ}}'''; Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [[mailto:kfeeney@perfuse.org]]
{{Atrial septal defect ostium secundum}}
'''For full discussion on atrial septal defects click [[atrial septal defect|here]].'''


==Overview==
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com];  '''Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]
During fetal development, the septal wall may fail to fuse causing an atrial septal defect to arise. An ostium secundum atrial septal defect is one such type of malformation arising from the irregular development of the foramen ovale, septum secundum or septum primum. It is the most common type of atrial septal defect.


==Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect==
==[[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum overview|Overview]]==


'''1.'''The '''ostium secundum''' atrial septal defect is the '''most common''' type of atrial septal defect.
==[[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum anatomy|Anatomy]]==


'''2.'''Accounts for 60%-70% of ASDs
==[[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


'''3.''' Comprises 6-10% of all congenital heart diseases.
==[[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


'''4.''' Arises from an '''enlarged foramen ovale''', '''inadequate growth of the septum secundum''', or '''excessive absorption of the septum primum'''.
==[[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
'''5.''' 10 to 20 %of individuals with ostium secundum ASDs also have [[mitral valve prolapse]] .<!----><ref>{{cite journal | author = Leachman R, Cokkinos D, Cooley D | title = Association of ostium secundum atrial septal defects with mitral valve prolapse. | journal = Am J Cardiol | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 167-9 | year = 1976 | id = PMID 952260}}</ref>


'''6.'''Most individuals with an uncorrected secundum ASD don't have significant symptoms through early adulthood.
==[[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum diagnosis | Diagnosis]]==
'''7.''' About 70% develop symptoms by the time they are in their 40s.


'''8.''' Symptoms are typically decreased exercise tolerance, easy fatigueability, [[palpitation]]s, and [[fainting|syncope]].
[[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum electrocardiogram|Electrocardigram]] | [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum echocardiography|Echocardiography]] | [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


'''9.'''Complications of an uncorrected secundum ASD include [[pulmonary hypertension]], right-sided [[congestive heart failure|heart failure]], [[atrial fibrillation]] or [[atrial flutter|flutter]], [[cerebrovascular accident|stroke]], and [[Eisenmenger's syndrome]].
==[[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum treatment |Treatment]]==


'''10.'''While [[pulmonary hypertension]] is unusual before 20 years of age, it is seen in 50% of individuals above the age of 40.
[[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum indications for surgical repair| Indications for Surgical Repair]] |  [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum surgical closure | Surgical Closure]] | [[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum percutaneous closure|Percutaneous Closure]]


'''11.''' Progression to [[Eisenmenger's syndrome]] occurs in 5 to 10% of individuals late in the disease process.
==Case Studies==
[[Atrial septal defect ostium secundum case study one|Case #1]]


==[[Atrial septal defect echocardiography ostium secundum|Echocardiography and Ostium Secundum Defects]]==


==Treatment==
===Surgical Repair===
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbQhiv6OB0E


==References==
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[[CME Category::Cardiology]]


[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Congenital heart disease]]
[[Category:Congenital heart disease]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Embryology]]
 
[[Category:Disease]]
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Latest revision as of 02:10, 15 March 2016

Atrial septal defect ostium secundum Microchapters

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Overview

Anatomy

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Demographics

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Chest X Ray

Electrocardiogram

Echocardiography

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Indications for Surgical Repair

Surgical Closure

Percutaneous Closure

Case Studies

Case #1

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For full discussion on atrial septal defects click here.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [3]

Overview

Anatomy

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Demographics

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Chest X Ray | Electrocardigram | Echocardiography | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Indications for Surgical Repair | Surgical Closure | Percutaneous Closure

Case Studies

Case #1


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