Anthrax physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

The physical findings of anthrax infection depend on the mode of anthrax exposure in the patient (cutaneous, ingestion, inhalation, injection). Common findings associated with cutaneous anthrax infection include fever, tachycardia, skin rash with formation of a typical scar, edema and lymphadenopathy; with gastrointestinal anthrax infection include fever, tachycardia, mucosal ulcer and edema in case of oropharyngeal lesion and edema and pallor in more severe cases; with inhalation anthrax infection includes: fever, tachycardia, bradypnea in severe cases, pallor, cyanosis and decreased heart and lung sounds in the presence of pleural effusion; and with anthrax infection due to injection include fever, typical skin scar at the site of injection, edema and subcutaneous and/or muscular abscess.

Cutaneous Anthrax

Vitals

Temperature

Pulse

Blood Pressure

Skin

Neck

  • Lymph nodes may be present, particularly if initial lesion is located in that region

Abdomen

Extremities

  • Edema may be present, particularly around the initial lesion

Neurologic

  • The mental status may be altered in case of severe systemic anthrax

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

Vitals

Temperature

Blood Pressure

Respiratory Rate

  • Bradypnea may be present in more severe cases

Skin

  • Edema may be present, particularly in the neck region
  • Pallor may be present in cases of systemic anthrax with shock

Throat

Neck

Abdomen

Extremities

Neurologic

  • The mental status may be altered in case of severe systemic anthrax
  • Coma may be present

Inhalation Anthrax

Vitals

Temperature

Blood Pressure

Respiratory Rate

Neck

Auscultation

Extremities

Neurologic

  • The mental status may be altered in case of severe systemic anthrax
  • Coma may be present

Injection Anthrax

Vitals

Temperature

References