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{{Amnesia}} | {{Amnesia}} | ||
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==Overview== | |||
Amnesia may progress slowly or suddenly, and maybe transient or permanent. The natural history and [[prognosis]] depends upon the underlying [[etiology]]. [[Patients]] with [[memory]] loss could suffer from [[depression]] and [[grief]] long term. [[Quality of life]] and activities of daily living are difficult to maintain which causes decreased socialization and a decline in [[cognitive]] functions in the [[elderly]]. | |||
==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
Amnesia may progress slowly or suddenly, and maybe transient or permanent. The natural history and prognosis depends upon the underlying cause. | *Amnesia may progress slowly or suddenly, and maybe transient or permanent. The natural history and prognosis depends upon the underlying cause. | ||
*Without treatment [[Korsakoff's syndrome]] can cause [[mental]] [[disability]] with permanent [[memory]] loss, [[apathy]], [[confabulation]].<ref name="pmid29225466">Arts NJ, Walvoort SJ, Kessels RP (2017) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29225466 Korsakoff's syndrome: a critical review.] ''Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat'' 13 ():2875-2890. [http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S130078 DOI:10.2147/NDT.S130078] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/29225466 29225466]</ref> | |||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
*Patients with [[memory]] loss could suffer from [[depression]] and [[grief]] long term.<ref name="pmid24379504">{{cite journal| author=Mamarde A, Navkhare P, Singam A, Kanoje A| title=Recurrent dissociative fugue. | journal=Indian J Psychol Med | year= 2013 | volume= 35 | issue= 4 | pages= 400-1 | pmid=24379504 | doi=10.4103/0253-7176.122239 | pmc=3868095 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24379504 }} </ref> | |||
*Quality of life and activities of daily living are difficult to maintain which causes decreased socialization and a decline in [[cognitive]] functions in the [[elderly]].<ref name="pmid18511736">{{cite journal| author=Ertel KA, Glymour MM, Berkman LF| title=Effects of social integration on preserving memory function in a nationally representative US elderly population. | journal=Am J Public Health | year= 2008 | volume= 98 | issue= 7 | pages= 1215-20 | pmid=18511736 | doi=10.2105/AJPH.2007.113654 | pmc=2424091 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18511736 }} </ref> | |||
*Repeated episodes of [[transient global amnesia]] can result in long lasting loss of [[memory]].<ref name="pmid19031042">{{cite journal| author=Profice P, Rizzello V, Pennestrì F, Pilato F, Della Marca G, Sestito A | display-authors=etal| title=Transient global amnesia during transoesophageal echocardiogram. | journal=Neurol Sci | year= 2008 | volume= 29 | issue= 6 | pages= 477-9 | pmid=19031042 | doi=10.1007/s10072-008-1034-y | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19031042 }} </ref> | |||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
=== | * In [[patients]] with post [[traumatic]] amnesia, the extent of [[injury]] and duration of [[loss of consciousness]] are important [[prognostic]] factors in determining the severity of amnesia. <ref name="pmid11475324">{{cite journal| author=Leclerc S, Lassonde M, Delaney JS, Lacroix VJ, Johnston KM| title=Recommendations for grading of concussion in athletes. | journal=Sports Med | year= 2001 | volume= 31 | issue= 8 | pages= 629-36 | pmid=11475324 | doi=10.2165/00007256-200131080-00007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11475324 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Dissociative fugue]] could last from days to months and once recovery occurs it is rapid and complete. Some [[refractory]] cases have been observed but usually it is just one episode.<ref name="pmid24379504">{{cite journal| author=Mamarde A, Navkhare P, Singam A, Kanoje A| title=Recurrent dissociative fugue. | journal=Indian J Psychol Med | year= 2013 | volume= 35 | issue= 4 | pages= 400-1 | pmid=24379504 | doi=10.4103/0253-7176.122239 | pmc=3868095 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24379504 }} </ref> | |||
=== | *If [[Korsakoff's syndrome]] is detected early and treatment optimally it can be reversed to some extent and can prevent further [[brain]] and [[nerve]] damage.<ref name="pmid29225466">Arts NJ, Walvoort SJ, Kessels RP (2017) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29225466 Korsakoff's syndrome: a critical review.] ''Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat'' 13 ():2875-2890. [http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S130078 DOI:10.2147/NDT.S130078] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/29225466 29225466]</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | [[Category:Needs overview]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
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[[Category:Mature chapter]] | [[Category:Mature chapter]] | ||
[[Category:Memory disorders]] | [[Category:Memory disorders]] | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
Latest revision as of 16:01, 24 March 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Amnesia may progress slowly or suddenly, and maybe transient or permanent. The natural history and prognosis depends upon the underlying etiology. Patients with memory loss could suffer from depression and grief long term. Quality of life and activities of daily living are difficult to maintain which causes decreased socialization and a decline in cognitive functions in the elderly.
Natural History
- Amnesia may progress slowly or suddenly, and maybe transient or permanent. The natural history and prognosis depends upon the underlying cause.
- Without treatment Korsakoff's syndrome can cause mental disability with permanent memory loss, apathy, confabulation.[1]
Complications
- Patients with memory loss could suffer from depression and grief long term.[2]
- Quality of life and activities of daily living are difficult to maintain which causes decreased socialization and a decline in cognitive functions in the elderly.[3]
- Repeated episodes of transient global amnesia can result in long lasting loss of memory.[4]
Prognosis
- In patients with post traumatic amnesia, the extent of injury and duration of loss of consciousness are important prognostic factors in determining the severity of amnesia. [5]
- Dissociative fugue could last from days to months and once recovery occurs it is rapid and complete. Some refractory cases have been observed but usually it is just one episode.[2]
- If Korsakoff's syndrome is detected early and treatment optimally it can be reversed to some extent and can prevent further brain and nerve damage.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Arts NJ, Walvoort SJ, Kessels RP (2017) Korsakoff's syndrome: a critical review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 13 ():2875-2890. DOI:10.2147/NDT.S130078 PMID: 29225466
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mamarde A, Navkhare P, Singam A, Kanoje A (2013). "Recurrent dissociative fugue". Indian J Psychol Med. 35 (4): 400–1. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.122239. PMC 3868095. PMID 24379504.
- ↑ Ertel KA, Glymour MM, Berkman LF (2008). "Effects of social integration on preserving memory function in a nationally representative US elderly population". Am J Public Health. 98 (7): 1215–20. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.113654. PMC 2424091. PMID 18511736.
- ↑ Profice P, Rizzello V, Pennestrì F, Pilato F, Della Marca G, Sestito A; et al. (2008). "Transient global amnesia during transoesophageal echocardiogram". Neurol Sci. 29 (6): 477–9. doi:10.1007/s10072-008-1034-y. PMID 19031042.
- ↑ Leclerc S, Lassonde M, Delaney JS, Lacroix VJ, Johnston KM (2001). "Recommendations for grading of concussion in athletes". Sports Med. 31 (8): 629–36. doi:10.2165/00007256-200131080-00007. PMID 11475324.