Alopecia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The epidemiology and demographics of alopecia varies by age, race, sex, and health status.
The [[epidemiology]] and [[demographics]] of [[alopecia]] vary by the type of [[alopecia]] as well as the age, race, sex, hygiene, hair care habits, and health status of an individual. For example, in [[androgenetic alopecia]], which has the highest [[prevalence]] of all the types of [[alopecia]] with about 50,000 per 100,000 men and 15,000 per 100,000 women worldwide, age and sex playing a role shown by the fact that men are more affected than women and post-menopausal women represent the highest proportion among females. In the case of [[alopecia areata]], sex plays no role <ref name="pmid29241771">{{cite journal| author=Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, Lo Sicco K, Brinster N, Christiano AM | display-authors=etal| title=Alopecia areata: Disease characteristics, clinical evaluation, and new perspectives on pathogenesis. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2018 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-12 | pmid=29241771 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1141 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29241771  }} </ref> but fair-skinned races are more commonly affected and the [[prevalence]] is about 100-200 per 100,000 individuals <ref name="pmid29241771">{{cite journal| author=Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, Lo Sicco K, Brinster N, Christiano AM | display-authors=etal| title=Alopecia areata: Disease characteristics, clinical evaluation, and new perspectives on pathogenesis. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2018 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-12 | pmid=29241771 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1141 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29241771  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7791384">{{cite journal| author=Safavi KH, Muller SA, Suman VJ, Moshell AN, Melton LJ| title=Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 1995 | volume= 70 | issue= 7 | pages= 628-33 | pmid=7791384 | doi=10.4065/70.7.628 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7791384  }} </ref>.


==Alopecia epidemiology and demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
* Androgenetic alopecia affects 50% of men and 15% of women, particularly postmenopausal women. <ref name="pmid30513014">{{cite journal| author=Rinaldi F, Marzani B, Pinto D, Sorbellini E| title=Randomized controlled trial on a PRP-like cosmetic, biomimetic peptides based, for the treatment of alopecia areata. | journal=J Dermatolog Treat | year= 2019 | volume= 30 | issue= 6 | pages= 588-593 | pmid=30513014 | doi=10.1080/09546634.2018.1544405 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30513014  }} </ref>
* In alopecia areata, the prevalence is 0.2% and has no age or sexual predilection. However, it affects white races more than dark races.
* In telogen effluvium, women are at higher predisposition than men.
* Tinea capitis has a higher incidence among the pediatric age group and in darker races. <ref name="pmid30511475">Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Wygonowska E, Budkiewicz M, Placek W (2019) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30511475 Serum sickness disease in a patient with alopecia areata and Meniere' disease after PRP procedure.] ''Dermatol Ther'' 32 (2):e12798. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dth.12798 DOI:10.1111/dth.12798] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/30511475 30511475]</ref>
* Anagen effluvium is more common in cancer patients receiving treatment with chemotherapeutic agents.


Additional Sentence 1: The case-mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range] worldwide.
===Prevalence===
Additional Sentence 2: The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
* [[Androgenetic alopecia]] is believed to have a worldwide [[prevalence]] of about 50,000 per 100,000 men and 15,000 per 100,000 women with post-menopausal women making up the majority. <ref name="pmid30513014">{{cite journal| author=Rinaldi F, Marzani B, Pinto D, Sorbellini E| title=Randomized controlled trial on a PRP-like cosmetic, biomimetic peptides based, for the treatment of alopecia areata. | journal=J Dermatolog Treat | year= 2019 | volume= 30 | issue= 6 | pages= 588-593 | pmid=30513014 | doi=10.1080/09546634.2018.1544405 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30513014  }} </ref>
Additional Sentence 3: Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name]
* [[Alopecia areata]] has a [[prevalence]] of 100-200 per 100,000 individuals, <ref name="pmid29241771">{{cite journal| author=Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, Lo Sicco K, Brinster N, Christiano AM | display-authors=etal| title=Alopecia areata: Disease characteristics, clinical evaluation, and new perspectives on pathogenesis. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2018 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-12 | pmid=29241771 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1141 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29241771  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7791384">{{cite journal| author=Safavi KH, Muller SA, Suman VJ, Moshell AN, Melton LJ| title=Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 1995 | volume= 70 | issue= 7 | pages= 628-33 | pmid=7791384 | doi=10.4065/70.7.628 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7791384  }} </ref> and a risk of about 2% over an individual's life. <ref name="pmid29241771">{{cite journal| author=Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, Lo Sicco K, Brinster N, Christiano AM | display-authors=etal| title=Alopecia areata: Disease characteristics, clinical evaluation, and new perspectives on pathogenesis. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2018 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-12 | pmid=29241771 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1141 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29241771  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7791384">{{cite journal| author=Safavi KH, Muller SA, Suman VJ, Moshell AN, Melton LJ| title=Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 1995 | volume= 70 | issue= 7 | pages= 628-33 | pmid=7791384 | doi=10.4065/70.7.628 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7791384  }} </ref>. The mean age for diagnosis of alopecia areata is 32 years in males and 36 years in females based on a study of the population of Olmsted County, Minnesota which was done between 1990 to 2009 <ref name="pmid24202232">{{cite journal| author=Mirzoyev SA, Schrum AG, Davis MDP, Torgerson RR| title=Lifetime incidence risk of alopecia areata estimated at 2.1% by Rochester Epidemiology Project, 1990-2009. | journal=J Invest Dermatol | year= 2014 | volume= 134 | issue= 4 | pages= 1141-1142 | pmid=24202232 | doi=10.1038/jid.2013.464 | pmc=3961558 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24202232  }} </ref>.
Additional Sentence 4: [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
* Only limited studies on the [[prevalence]] of [[trichotillomania]] have been performed and these were done among U.S. university students, Israeli adolescents, and older adults within the same community. The prevalence was between 500 per 100,000 to 2000 per 100,000. <ref name="pmid1938977">{{cite journal| author=Christenson GA, Pyle RL, Mitchell JE| title=Estimated lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania in college students. | journal=J Clin Psychiatry | year= 1991 | volume= 52 | issue= 10 | pages= 415-7 | pmid=1938977 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1938977  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7559316">{{cite journal| author=King RA, Zohar AH, Ratzoni G, Binder M, Kron S, Dycian A | display-authors=etal| title=An epidemiological study of [[trichotillomania]] in Israeli adolescents. | journal=J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry | year= 1995 | volume= 34 | issue= 9 | pages= 1212-5 | pmid=7559316 | doi=10.1097/00004583-199509000-00019 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7559316  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid19926375">{{cite journal| author=Duke DC, Keeley ML, Geffken GR, Storch EA| title=Trichotillomania: A current review. | journal=Clin Psychol Rev | year= 2010 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 181-93 | pmid=19926375 | doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2009.10.008 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19926375  }} </ref>
Additional Sentence 5: [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
* [[Traction alopecia]] is more commonly seen among black populations with females being affected more often than males at a rate of about 31,000-32,000 per 100,000 women compared to about 2,300 per 100,000 men. [[Traction alopecia]] was seen in 18,000 per 100,000 girls between the ages of 5.4 to 14.3 years based on a study of African-American girls. An 8-month old girl was the youngest reported case in the study. <ref name="pmid29265342">{{cite journal| author=Aguado Lobo M, Jiménez-Reyes J| title=Traction alopecia. | journal=Int J Dermatol | year= 2018 | volume= 57 | issue= 2 | pages= 231-232 | pmid=29265342 | doi=10.1111/ijd.13846 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi? dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29265342  }} </ref>
Additional Sentence 6: [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
* Although considered to be a relatively common condition, the precise [[prevalence]] of [[telogen effluvium]] remains unknown. <ref name="pmid30237729">{{cite journal| author=Sant'Anna Addor FA, Donato LC, Melo CSA| title=Comparative evaluation between two nutritional supplements in the improvement of telogen effluvium. | journal=Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol | year= 2018 | volume= 11 | issue=  | pages= 431-436 | pmid=30237729 | doi=10.2147/CCID.S173082 | pmc=6136400 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30237729  }} </ref>
Additional Sentence 7: There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
 
Additional Sentence 8: [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [ethnicity 1] race. [Ethnicity 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
===Incidence===
Additional Sentence 9: The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
* The overall [[incidence]] of [[alopecia areata]] is approximately 20.2 per 100,000 person-years. <ref name="pmid7791384">{{cite journal| author=Safavi KH, Muller SA, Suman VJ, Moshell AN, Melton LJ| title=Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 1995 | volume= 70 | issue= 7 | pages= 628-33 | pmid=7791384 | doi=10.4065/70.7.628 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7791384  }} </ref>
Additional Sentence 10: [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
* About 50,000 per 100,000 Caucasian males have [[androgenetic alopecia]] by the time they are 50 years old. This number rises to about 80,000 per 100,000 by the age of 70 years. <ref name="pmid30034191">Mahmoudi H, Salehi M, Moghadas S, Ghandi N, Teimourpour A, Daneshpazhooh M (2018) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30034191 Dermoscopic Findings in 126 Patients with Alopecia Areata: A Cross-Sectional Study.] ''Int J Trichology'' 10 (3):118-123. [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijt.ijt_102_17 DOI:10.4103/ijt.ijt_102_17] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/30034191 30034191]</ref>
Additional Sentence 11: [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
* The incidence of [[cutaneous lupus erythematosus]] is about 4.2 per 100,000 individuals, with the [[incidence]] being higher in males. <ref name="pmid25369985">{{cite journal| author=Jarukitsopa S, Hoganson DD, Crowson CS, Sokumbi O, Davis MD, Michet CJ | display-authors=etal| title=Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a predominantly white population in the United States. | journal=Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) | year= 2015 | volume= 67 | issue= 6 | pages= 817-28 | pmid=25369985 | doi=10.1002/acr.22502 | pmc=4418944 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25369985  }} </ref>
Additional Sentence 12: [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
 
===Age===
* [[Tinea capitis]] is more common among children and adolescents than in adults. <ref name="pmid24770502">Pires CA, Cruz NF, Lobato AM, Sousa PO, Carneiro FR, Mendes AM (2014) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24770502 Clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic profile of dermatophytosis.] ''An Bras Dermatol'' 89 (2):259-64. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142569 DOI:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142569] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/24770502 24770502]</ref>
* The risk of [[androgenetic alopecia]] increases with age. Up to 80,000 per 100,000 Caucasian men over the age of 70 years have [[androgenetic alopecia]] compared to 50,000 per 100,000 in Caucasian men who are 50 years.
*Although the link between age and risk of [[telogen effluvium]] is currently unclear, it has been observed that elderly women are more susceptible to [[telogen effluvium]] after sustaining severe trauma or bleeding, having a high [[fever]], or going through psychological stress. <ref name="pmid23974577">{{cite journal| author=Grover C, Khurana A| title=Telogen effluvium. | journal=Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol | year= 2013 | volume= 79 | issue= 5 | pages= 591-603 | pmid=23974577 | doi=10.4103/0378-6323.116731 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23974577  }} </ref> Studies have reported the incidence of telogen effluvium in children to be around 2.7%. <ref name="pmid17919200">{{cite journal| author=Nnoruka EN, Obiagboso I, Maduechesi C| title=Hair loss in children in South-East Nigeria: common and uncommon cases. | journal=Int J Dermatol | year= 2007 | volume= 46 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= 18-22 | pmid=17919200 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03457.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17919200  }} </ref>
 
===Gender===
* In [[telogen effluvium]], women are at higher predisposition than men.
* [[Alopecia areata]] can occur in adults and children and distribution is about equal between the sexes <ref name="pmid29241771">{{cite journal| author=Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, Lo Sicco K, Brinster N, Christiano AM | display-authors=etal| title=Alopecia areata: Disease characteristics, clinical evaluation, and new perspectives on pathogenesis. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2018 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-12 | pmid=29241771 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1141 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29241771  }} </ref>.
* [[Traction alopecia]] is seen most commonly in females, the majority of whom are of African-American descent. <ref name="pmid29265342">{{cite journal| author=Aguado Lobo M, Jiménez-Reyes J| title=Traction alopecia. | journal=Int J Dermatol | year= 2018 | volume= 57 | issue= 2 | pages= 231-232 | pmid=29265342 | doi=10.1111/ijd.13846 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi? dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29265342  }} </ref>
* [[Cutaneous lupus erythematosus]] is more common in males than in females, with a ratio of about 59.4 per 100,000 versus 1.6 per 100,000. <ref name="pmid25369985">{{cite journal| author=Jarukitsopa S, Hoganson DD, Crowson CS, Sokumbi O, Davis MD, Michet CJ | display-authors=etal| title=Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a predominantly white population in the United States. | journal=Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) | year= 2015 | volume= 67 | issue= 6 | pages= 817-28 | pmid=25369985 | doi=10.1002/acr.22502 | pmc=4418944 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25369985  }} </ref>
 
===Race===
* [[Traction alopecia]] is seen most commonly in African-American females. This is likely as a result of certain hairstyles that are more predominantly made by African-Americans. <ref name="pmid29265342">{{cite journal| author=Aguado Lobo M, Jiménez-Reyes J| title=Traction alopecia. | journal=Int J Dermatol | year= 2018 | volume= 57 | issue= 2 | pages= 231-232 | pmid=29265342 | doi=10.1111/ijd.13846 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi? dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29265342  }} </ref>
* Caucasian males have the highest [[incidence]] of [[androgenetic alopecia]]. They are followed by Asian males, African-American males, and lastly, Native Americans and Eskimos. <ref name="pmid30034191">{{cite journal| author=Mahmoudi H, Salehi M, Moghadas S, Ghandi N, Teimourpour A, Daneshpazhooh M| title=Dermoscopic Findings in 126 Patients with Alopecia Areata: A Cross-Sectional Study. | journal=Int J Trichology | year= 2018 | volume= 10 | issue= 3 | pages= 118-123 | pmid=30034191 | doi=10.4103/ijt.ijt_102_17 | pmc=6028992 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30034191  }} </ref>
* [[Tinea capitis]] has a higher incidence among darker races. <ref name="pmid30511475">Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Wygonowska E, Budkiewicz M, Placek W (2019) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30511475 Serum sickness disease in a patient with alopecia areata and Meniere' disease after PRP procedure.] ''Dermatol Ther'' 32 (2):e12798. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dth.12798 DOI:10.1111/dth.12798] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/30511475 30511475]</ref>


Prevalence is defined as the total number of cases of a disease in a given at-risk population at a specific time.
Note: For diseases specific to one gender, such as prostate cancer, only male patients are considered in the equation since only male patients are the at-risk population.
When using numbers with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report a prevalence as 10.1 instead of 10.09322. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy.
You can use one or more of these template sentences.
Worldwide, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
Worldwide, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developed countries, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developed countries, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developing countries/ Africa, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developing countries/ Africa, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
In ____ (insert year), the prevalence of _______ (insert disease name) was estimated to be _______ (insert number) cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Incidence[edit | edit source]
Incidence is defined as the number of new cases per population in a given time period.
The standard format to report the incidence is ___ per 100,000 individuals.
When using numbers with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report a incidence as 10.1 instead of 10.09322. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy.
You can pick one or more of the template sentences below for this section:
Worldwide, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
Worldwide, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developed countries, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developed countries, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developing countries/ Africa, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developing countries/ Africa, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
In ____ (insert year), the incidence of _______ (insert disease name) was estimated to be _______ (insert number) cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 01:28, 29 January 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD

Overview

The epidemiology and demographics of alopecia vary by the type of alopecia as well as the age, race, sex, hygiene, hair care habits, and health status of an individual. For example, in androgenetic alopecia, which has the highest prevalence of all the types of alopecia with about 50,000 per 100,000 men and 15,000 per 100,000 women worldwide, age and sex playing a role shown by the fact that men are more affected than women and post-menopausal women represent the highest proportion among females. In the case of alopecia areata, sex plays no role [1] but fair-skinned races are more commonly affected and the prevalence is about 100-200 per 100,000 individuals [1] [2].

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

  • Androgenetic alopecia is believed to have a worldwide prevalence of about 50,000 per 100,000 men and 15,000 per 100,000 women with post-menopausal women making up the majority. [3]
  • Alopecia areata has a prevalence of 100-200 per 100,000 individuals, [1] [2] and a risk of about 2% over an individual's life. [1] [2]. The mean age for diagnosis of alopecia areata is 32 years in males and 36 years in females based on a study of the population of Olmsted County, Minnesota which was done between 1990 to 2009 [4].
  • Only limited studies on the prevalence of trichotillomania have been performed and these were done among U.S. university students, Israeli adolescents, and older adults within the same community. The prevalence was between 500 per 100,000 to 2000 per 100,000. [5] [6] [7]
  • Traction alopecia is more commonly seen among black populations with females being affected more often than males at a rate of about 31,000-32,000 per 100,000 women compared to about 2,300 per 100,000 men. Traction alopecia was seen in 18,000 per 100,000 girls between the ages of 5.4 to 14.3 years based on a study of African-American girls. An 8-month old girl was the youngest reported case in the study. [8]
  • Although considered to be a relatively common condition, the precise prevalence of telogen effluvium remains unknown. [9]

Incidence

Age

  • Tinea capitis is more common among children and adolescents than in adults. [12]
  • The risk of androgenetic alopecia increases with age. Up to 80,000 per 100,000 Caucasian men over the age of 70 years have androgenetic alopecia compared to 50,000 per 100,000 in Caucasian men who are 50 years.
  • Although the link between age and risk of telogen effluvium is currently unclear, it has been observed that elderly women are more susceptible to telogen effluvium after sustaining severe trauma or bleeding, having a high fever, or going through psychological stress. [13] Studies have reported the incidence of telogen effluvium in children to be around 2.7%. [14]

Gender

Race

  • Traction alopecia is seen most commonly in African-American females. This is likely as a result of certain hairstyles that are more predominantly made by African-Americans. [8]
  • Caucasian males have the highest incidence of androgenetic alopecia. They are followed by Asian males, African-American males, and lastly, Native Americans and Eskimos. [10]
  • Tinea capitis has a higher incidence among darker races. [15]


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Strazzulla LC, Wang EHC, Avila L, Lo Sicco K, Brinster N, Christiano AM; et al. (2018). "Alopecia areata: Disease characteristics, clinical evaluation, and new perspectives on pathogenesis". J Am Acad Dermatol. 78 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.1141. PMID 29241771.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Safavi KH, Muller SA, Suman VJ, Moshell AN, Melton LJ (1995). "Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989". Mayo Clin Proc. 70 (7): 628–33. doi:10.4065/70.7.628. PMID 7791384.
  3. ↑ Rinaldi F, Marzani B, Pinto D, Sorbellini E (2019). "Randomized controlled trial on a PRP-like cosmetic, biomimetic peptides based, for the treatment of alopecia areata". J Dermatolog Treat. 30 (6): 588–593. doi:10.1080/09546634.2018.1544405. PMID 30513014.
  4. ↑ Mirzoyev SA, Schrum AG, Davis MDP, Torgerson RR (2014). "Lifetime incidence risk of alopecia areata estimated at 2.1% by Rochester Epidemiology Project, 1990-2009". J Invest Dermatol. 134 (4): 1141–1142. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.464. PMC 3961558. PMID 24202232.
  5. ↑ Christenson GA, Pyle RL, Mitchell JE (1991). "Estimated lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania in college students". J Clin Psychiatry. 52 (10): 415–7. PMID 1938977.
  6. ↑ King RA, Zohar AH, Ratzoni G, Binder M, Kron S, Dycian A; et al. (1995). "An epidemiological study of [[trichotillomania]] in Israeli adolescents". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 34 (9): 1212–5. doi:10.1097/00004583-199509000-00019. PMID 7559316. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  7. ↑ Duke DC, Keeley ML, Geffken GR, Storch EA (2010). "Trichotillomania: A current review". Clin Psychol Rev. 30 (2): 181–93. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.10.008. PMID 19926375.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Aguado Lobo M, Jiménez-Reyes J (2018). dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29265342 "Traction alopecia" Check |url= value (help). Int J Dermatol. 57 (2): 231–232. doi:10.1111/ijd.13846. PMID 29265342.
  9. ↑ Sant'Anna Addor FA, Donato LC, Melo CSA (2018). "Comparative evaluation between two nutritional supplements in the improvement of telogen effluvium". Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 11: 431–436. doi:10.2147/CCID.S173082. PMC 6136400. PMID 30237729.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Mahmoudi H, Salehi M, Moghadas S, Ghandi N, Teimourpour A, Daneshpazhooh M (2018) Dermoscopic Findings in 126 Patients with Alopecia Areata: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Trichology 10 (3):118-123. DOI:10.4103/ijt.ijt_102_17 PMID: 30034191
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Jarukitsopa S, Hoganson DD, Crowson CS, Sokumbi O, Davis MD, Michet CJ; et al. (2015). "Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus and cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a predominantly white population in the United States". Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 67 (6): 817–28. doi:10.1002/acr.22502. PMC 4418944. PMID 25369985.
  12. ↑ Pires CA, Cruz NF, Lobato AM, Sousa PO, Carneiro FR, Mendes AM (2014) Clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic profile of dermatophytosis. An Bras Dermatol 89 (2):259-64. DOI:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142569 PMID: 24770502
  13. ↑ Grover C, Khurana A (2013). "Telogen effluvium". Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 79 (5): 591–603. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.116731. PMID 23974577.
  14. ↑ Nnoruka EN, Obiagboso I, Maduechesi C (2007). "Hair loss in children in South-East Nigeria: common and uncommon cases". Int J Dermatol. 46 Suppl 1: 18–22. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03457.x. PMID 17919200.
  15. ↑ Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Wygonowska E, Budkiewicz M, Placek W (2019) Serum sickness disease in a patient with alopecia areata and Meniere' disease after PRP procedure. Dermatol Ther 32 (2):e12798. DOI:10.1111/dth.12798 PMID: 30511475

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