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* The five-year disease-free survival rate for a complete [[resection]] of a [[Cancer staging|stage]] I-III is approximately 30%.<ref name="allolio" />
* The five-year disease-free survival rate for a complete [[resection]] of a [[Cancer staging|stage]] I-III is approximately 30%.<ref name="allolio" />
* Survival ranges from a few months to several years.<ref name="pmid18505909">{{cite journal| author=Hermsen IG, Gelderblom H, Kievit J, Romijn JA, Haak HR| title=Extremely long survival in six patients despite recurrent and metastatic adrenal carcinoma. | journal=Eur J Endocrinol | year= 2008 | volume= 158 | issue= 6 | pages= 911-9 | pmid=18505909 | doi=10.1530/EJE-07-0723 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18505909  }}</ref>
* Survival ranges from a few months to several years.<ref name="pmid18505909">{{cite journal| author=Hermsen IG, Gelderblom H, Kievit J, Romijn JA, Haak HR| title=Extremely long survival in six patients despite recurrent and metastatic adrenal carcinoma. | journal=Eur J Endocrinol | year= 2008 | volume= 158 | issue= 6 | pages= 911-9 | pmid=18505909 | doi=10.1530/EJE-07-0723 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18505909  }}</ref>
The most important [[prognostic]] factors are:
'''The most important [[prognostic]] factors are:'''
* Age of the patient<ref name="pmid26392430">{{cite journal| author=Libé R, Borget I, Ronchi CL, Zaggia B, Kroiss M, Kerkhofs T et al.| title=Prognostic factors in stage III-IV adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC): an European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumor (ENSAT) study. | journal=Ann Oncol | year= 2015 | volume= 26 | issue= 10 | pages= 2119-25 | pmid=26392430 | doi=10.1093/annonc/mdv329 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26392430  }}</ref>  
* Age of the patient<ref name="pmid26392430">{{cite journal| author=Libé R, Borget I, Ronchi CL, Zaggia B, Kroiss M, Kerkhofs T et al.| title=Prognostic factors in stage III-IV adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC): an European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumor (ENSAT) study. | journal=Ann Oncol | year= 2015 | volume= 26 | issue= 10 | pages= 2119-25 | pmid=26392430 | doi=10.1093/annonc/mdv329 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26392430  }}</ref>  
* Stage of the [[tumor]]<ref name="pmid18063070">{{cite journal| author=Gonzalez RJ, Tamm EP, Ng C, Phan AT, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Perrier ND et al.| title=Response to mitotane predicts outcome in patients with recurrent adrenal cortical carcinoma. | journal=Surgery | year= 2007 | volume= 142 | issue= 6 | pages= 867-75; discussion 867-75 | pmid=18063070 | doi=10.1016/j.surg.2007.09.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18063070  }}</ref>
* Stage of the [[tumor]]<ref name="pmid18063070">{{cite journal| author=Gonzalez RJ, Tamm EP, Ng C, Phan AT, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Perrier ND et al.| title=Response to mitotane predicts outcome in patients with recurrent adrenal cortical carcinoma. | journal=Surgery | year= 2007 | volume= 142 | issue= 6 | pages= 867-75; discussion 867-75 | pmid=18063070 | doi=10.1016/j.surg.2007.09.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18063070  }}</ref>

Revision as of 16:29, 30 October 2017

Adrenocortical carcinoma Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [3] Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[4]

Overview

If left untreated, patients with adrenocortical carcinoma may develop diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, delayed wound healing, hypertension, Cerebrovascular disease, and local or distant metastasis. Prognosis is generally poor, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma stage I-III is approximately 30%. Complications may include metastasis, Conn's syndrome and Cushing'a syndrome.

Natural history

The symptoms of adrenocortical carcinoma usually develop in the fifth to sixth decade of life and start with symptoms of Cushing's syndrome such as weight gain, acne, irritability, insomnia, symptoms of androgen excess such as virilization, deepening of the voice, and coarsening of the facial features.

Without treatment, the patient may develop complications such as diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, hypertension, hypercoagulable states, metastasis to other organs, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Complications

The following are the complications of Adrenocortical carcinoma:

Prognosis

  • Adrenocortical carcinoma, generally, carries a poor prognosis.[1]
  • The five-year disease-free survival rate for a complete resection of a stage I-III is approximately 30%.[1]
  • Survival ranges from a few months to several years.[2]

The most important prognostic factors are:

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Allolio B, Fassnacht M (2006). "Clinical review: Adrenocortical carcinoma: clinical update". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91 (6): 2027–37. PMID 16551738. Free Full Text.
  2. Hermsen IG, Gelderblom H, Kievit J, Romijn JA, Haak HR (2008). "Extremely long survival in six patients despite recurrent and metastatic adrenal carcinoma". Eur J Endocrinol. 158 (6): 911–9. doi:10.1530/EJE-07-0723. PMID 18505909.
  3. Libé R, Borget I, Ronchi CL, Zaggia B, Kroiss M, Kerkhofs T; et al. (2015). "Prognostic factors in stage III-IV adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC): an European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumor (ENSAT) study". Ann Oncol. 26 (10): 2119–25. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv329. PMID 26392430.
  4. Gonzalez RJ, Tamm EP, Ng C, Phan AT, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Perrier ND; et al. (2007). "Response to mitotane predicts outcome in patients with recurrent adrenal cortical carcinoma". Surgery. 142 (6): 867–75, discussion 867-75. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2007.09.006. PMID 18063070.
  5. Miller BS, Gauger PG, Hammer GD, Giordano TJ, Doherty GM (2010). "Proposal for modification of the ENSAT staging system for adrenocortical carcinoma using tumor grade". Langenbecks Arch Surg. 395 (7): 955–61. doi:10.1007/s00423-010-0698-y. PMID 20694732.

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