Acute renal failure classification: Difference between revisions

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** [[Toxin]]s or [[medication]] (e.g. some [[NSAID]]s, [[aminoglycoside]] [[antibiotics]], [[iodinated contrast]], [[Lithium salt|lithium]])
** [[Toxin]]s or [[medication]] (e.g. some [[NSAID]]s, [[aminoglycoside]] [[antibiotics]], [[iodinated contrast]], [[Lithium salt|lithium]])
** [[Rhabdomyolysis]] (breakdown of [[muscle]] tissue) - the resultant release of [[myoglobin]] in the [[blood]] affects the kidney; it can be caused by [[injury]] (especially crush injury and extensive [[blunt trauma]]), [[statin]]s, [[stimulant]]s and some other drugs
** [[Rhabdomyolysis]] (breakdown of [[muscle]] tissue) - the resultant release of [[myoglobin]] in the [[blood]] affects the kidney; it can be caused by [[injury]] (especially crush injury and extensive [[blunt trauma]]), [[statin]]s, [[stimulant]]s and some other drugs
** [[hemolysis]] (breakdown of [[red blood cell]]s) - the [[hemoglobin]] damages the [[tubules]]; it may be caused by various conditions such as [[sickle-cell disease]], and [[lupus erythematosus]]
** [[Hemolysis]] (breakdown of [[red blood cell]]s) - the [[hemoglobin]] damages the [[tubules]]; it may be caused by various conditions such as [[sickle-cell disease]], and [[lupus erythematosus]]
** [[multiple myeloma]], either due to [[hypercalcemia]] or "cast nephropathy" (multiple myeloma can also cause [[chronic renal failure]] by a different mechanism)
** [[Multiple myeloma]], either due to [[hypercalcemia]] or "cast nephropathy" (multiple myeloma can also cause [[chronic renal failure]] by a different mechanism)
** acute [[glomerulonephritis]] which may be due to a variety of causes, such as [[anti glomerular basement membrane disease]]/[[Goodpasture's syndrome]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]] or acute [[lupus nephritis]] with [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]
** Acute [[glomerulonephritis]] which may be due to a variety of causes, such as [[anti glomerular basement membrane disease]]/[[Goodpasture's syndrome]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]] or acute [[lupus nephritis]] with [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]


* ''Post-renal'' (obstructive causes in the urinary tract) due to:
* ''Post-renal'' (obstructive causes in the urinary tract) due to:

Revision as of 01:02, 24 December 2012

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Acute renal failure can complicate a wide spectrum of disorders, and for the purpose of diagnosis and management is divided according to the mechanism that lead to renal compromise. The three categories are pre-renal azotemia (diseases that cause renal hypoperfusion), renal azotemia (diseases directly affecting the renal parenchyma), and post-renal azotemia (diseases affecting the urinary tract causing obstruction).

Classification

Acute renal failure is usually categorised (as in the flowchart below) according to pre-renal, renal and post-renal causes.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acute Renal
Failure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-renal
 
 
Renal
 
 
Post-renal

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