Acute liver failure epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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* _____ (insert disease) usually affects individuals of the _____ (inser race) race. _____ (insert other race) individuals are less likely to develop ______ (disease name). | * _____ (insert disease) usually affects individuals of the _____ (inser race) race. _____ (insert other race) individuals are less likely to develop ______ (disease name). | ||
===Developed Countries=== | ===Developed Countries=== | ||
* | * The most common cause of acute liver failure in the developed world is acetaminophen toxicity.<ref name="pmid25164003">{{cite journal| author=Wang FS, Fan JG, Zhang Z, Gao B, Wang HY| title=The global burden of liver disease: the major impact of China. | journal=Hepatology | year= 2014 | volume= 60 | issue= 6 | pages= 2099-108 | pmid=25164003 | doi=10.1002/hep.27406 | pmc=4867229 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25164003 }} </ref> | ||
===Developing Countries=== | ===Developing Countries=== | ||
Revision as of 16:50, 21 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
- The overview section should include the disease name in the first sentence.
- The goal is to summarize the page several sentences, and the section can be the same as the Epidemiology and demographics segment on the overview page.
- To see an example, click here.
Template
- First Sentence:
- In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- OR
- The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
- OR
- [Cancer name] is the [number] most common cancer worldwide.
- Examples:
- Example 1: In 2013, the incidence of shigellosis was estimated to be 5 to 10 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- Example 2: The prevalence of craniopharyngioma is estimated to be 338 cases annually.
- Example 3: Stomach cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide.
- Additional Sentences:
- Additional Sentence 1: The case-mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range] worldwide.
- Additional Sentence 2: The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
- Additional Sentence 3: Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name]
- Additional Sentence 4: [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
- Additional Sentence 5: [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
- Additional Sentence 6: [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- Additional Sentence 7: There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
- Additional Sentence 8: [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [ethnicity 1] race. [Ethnicity 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
- Additional Sentence 9: The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
- Additional Sentence 10: [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- Additional Sentence 11: [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
- Additional Sentence 12: [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
- Examples:
- Example 1: The case-mortality rate of MERS-CoV infection is approximately 30% to 50% worldwide.
- Example 2: The majority of Chagas disease cases are reported in Central and South America.
- Example 3: Patients of all age groups may develop hepatitis A infection.
- Example 4: C. difficile infection is a common disease that tends to affect elderly patients > 65 years.
- Example 5: Females are more commonly affected with Lupus than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 8 to 1.
- Example 6: Brucellosis affects men and women equally.
- Example 7: There is no racial predilection to leptospirosis.
- Example 8: Melanoma usually affects individuals of the Caucasian race. African-American individuals are less likely to develop melanoma.
- Example 9: The incidence of AML increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 63 years.
- Example 10: Lupus erythematosus is usually first diagnosed among young women.
- Example 11: Mycoplasma pneumonia commonly affects young adults.
- Example 12: Colon cancer commonly affects individuals older than 50 years of age.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The incidence of acute liver failure in the United States is 2000-2300 cases annually.[1]
- In the year 2009, the diagnosis of acute hepatic necrosis was 420 cases per 100,000 cases of all adult liver transplants in the United States.[2]
- In the year 1998 to 2008, according to the United States acute liver failure (ALF) registry statistics, the most common cause of acute liver failure was acetaminophen with 46000 cases per 100,000 individuals and 12000 cases per 100,000 individuals for other drugs.[3]
- Acute hepatitis B is the cause of acute liver failure in 1000 individuals per 100,000 individuals but it increases to 20,000 individuals per 100,000 individuals with hepatitis D virus co-infection.Shukla NB, Poles MA (2004). "Hepatitis B virus infection: co-infection with hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, and human immunodeficiency virus". Clin Liver Dis. 8 (2): 445–60, viii. PMID 15481349.
Gender
- Women are more commonly affected with autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis E viral infection than men.[4]
- Acute liver failure is more common in women than men and women with acute liver failure were older than men.
Race
This section describes how the disease differs based upon race. You can use the following template sentence for this section:
- The prevalence of _____ (insert disease) does not vary by race.
- (Insert disease state here) is more prevalent in the ____ (inser race) race and ____ (insert other race) races.
- There is no racial predilection for ____ (insert disease name)
- _____ (insert disease) usually affects individuals of the _____ (inser race) race. _____ (insert other race) individuals are less likely to develop ______ (disease name).
Developed Countries
- The most common cause of acute liver failure in the developed world is acetaminophen toxicity.[4]
Developing Countries
- In this section you should describe the impact of the disease in developing countries.
- Incidence, prevalence, and geographical distribution or areas of interest can be mentioned, as well as the relevant impact the disease has on society.
Preferred Template Statements
IF the incidence/prevalence of the disease is known:
- The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
IF the case-fatality rate is also known, you may use either of the following template statements:
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of [number range]%.
- The case-fatality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
IF details about prevalence according to age/race/sex are known:
- Age:
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
- [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
- Race:
- There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
- Sex:
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
IF details about prevalence by region are known:
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
If additional details are known about the patient population in which the disease is typically diagnosed, they may be included here. Supplementary template statements include:
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
- [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
References
- References should be cited for the material that you have put on your page. Type in {{reflist|2}}.This will generate your references in small font, in two columns, with links to the original article and abstract.
- For information on how to add references into your page, click here
- ↑ Ichai P, Samuel D (2008). "Etiology and prognosis of fulminant hepatitis in adults". Liver Transpl. 14 Suppl 2: S67–79. doi:10.1002/lt.21612. PMID 18825677.
- ↑ McDowell Torres D, Stevens RD, Gurakar A (2010). "Acute liver failure: a management challenge for the practicing gastroenterologist". Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 6 (7): 444–50. PMC 2933761. PMID 20827368.
- ↑ Stravitz RT, Kramer DJ (2009). "Management of acute liver failure". Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6 (9): 542–53. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.127. PMID 19652652.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wang FS, Fan JG, Zhang Z, Gao B, Wang HY (2014). "The global burden of liver disease: the major impact of China". Hepatology. 60 (6): 2099–108. doi:10.1002/hep.27406. PMC 4867229. PMID 25164003.