Acute liver failure causes: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Acute liver failure}} {{CMG}} ==Overview== ==References== {{reflist|2}} {{WH}} {{WS}}") |
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Causes== | |||
===Common Causes=== | |||
* [[Paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) overdose is the commonest cause. The commonest causes for paracetamol poisoning is suicidal intent. Additionally, the toxic threshold dose of paracetamol decreases in some cases like chronic [[alcoholics]], [[diabetics]], and fasting. | |||
* Idiosyncratic reaction to medication is the second commonest cause. Common culprit drugs are: [[tetracycline]], [[troglitazone]], antituberculosis drugs, and anti-epileptic drugs | |||
* Excessive [[alcoholic beverage|alcohol intake]] (severe [[alcoholic hepatitis]]) | |||
* Viral hepatitis ([[hepatitis A]] or [[hepatitis B|B]] - it is extremely uncommon in [[hepatitis C]]). The incidences of acute liver failure post viral hepatitis has decreased due to the extensive vaccination against these infections. | |||
* [[Autoimmune hepatitis]] | |||
* [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] | |||
* [[Reye syndrome]] is acute liver failure in a child with a viral infection (e.g. [[chickenpox]]); it appears that [[aspirin]] use may play a significant role | |||
* [[Wilson's disease]] (hereditary copper accumulation) may infrequently present with acute liver failure | |||
* Idiopathic (without an obvious cause) | |||
* Diseases of fatty acid oxidation pathways | |||
* Parvovirus B19 infection | |||
* [[Budd–Chiari syndrome]] | |||
* [[Malignancy]] ([[lymphomas]]) | |||
* [[Shock]] | |||
* [[Hyperthermia]] | |||
* [[Hypothermia]] | |||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | |||
* Acute fatty liver of pregnancy | |||
* Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis | |||
* [[Budd-Chiari Syndrome]] | |||
* [[Cytomegalovirus]] | |||
* [[Drug]]s | |||
* [[Epstein-Barr Virus]] | |||
* [[Heatstroke]] | |||
* Hepatic arterial occlusion or [[Hepatic venous occlusion]] | |||
* [[Hepatitis A]] - [[Hepatitis G]] | |||
* [[Herpes simplex]] 1, 2 | |||
* [[Hypotension]] | |||
* [[Ddx:Hypothermia|Hypothermia]] | |||
* [[Hyperthermia]] | |||
* Massive malignant infiltration of the liver | |||
* [[Parainfluenza virus]] | |||
* [[Paramyxovirus]] | |||
* Primary graft nonfunction post liver transplantation | |||
* [[Reye's Syndrome]] | |||
* [[Sepsis]] | |||
* [[Ddx:Shock|Shock]] | |||
* [[Wilson's Disease]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Revision as of 20:12, 28 August 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Common Causes
- Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose is the commonest cause. The commonest causes for paracetamol poisoning is suicidal intent. Additionally, the toxic threshold dose of paracetamol decreases in some cases like chronic alcoholics, diabetics, and fasting.
- Idiosyncratic reaction to medication is the second commonest cause. Common culprit drugs are: tetracycline, troglitazone, antituberculosis drugs, and anti-epileptic drugs
- Excessive alcohol intake (severe alcoholic hepatitis)
- Viral hepatitis (hepatitis A or B - it is extremely uncommon in hepatitis C). The incidences of acute liver failure post viral hepatitis has decreased due to the extensive vaccination against these infections.
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- Reye syndrome is acute liver failure in a child with a viral infection (e.g. chickenpox); it appears that aspirin use may play a significant role
- Wilson's disease (hereditary copper accumulation) may infrequently present with acute liver failure
- Idiopathic (without an obvious cause)
- Diseases of fatty acid oxidation pathways
- Parvovirus B19 infection
- Budd–Chiari syndrome
- Malignancy (lymphomas)
- Shock
- Hyperthermia
- Hypothermia
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis
- Budd-Chiari Syndrome
- Cytomegalovirus
- Drugs
- Epstein-Barr Virus
- Heatstroke
- Hepatic arterial occlusion or Hepatic venous occlusion
- Hepatitis A - Hepatitis G
- Herpes simplex 1, 2
- Hypotension
- Hypothermia
- Hyperthermia
- Massive malignant infiltration of the liver
- Parainfluenza virus
- Paramyxovirus
- Primary graft nonfunction post liver transplantation
- Reye's Syndrome
- Sepsis
- Shock
- Wilson's Disease