Acute bronchitis causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Acute bronchitis}}
{{Acute bronchitis}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MehdiP}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Acute bronchitis may be caused by both, bacterial and viral pathogens. Typical viral causes include: [[Human respiratory syncytial virus|respiratory syncytial virus]], [[rhinovirus]], and [[influenza]].
Common causes of acute bronchitis include viruses, bacteria and environmental factors. Among these causes, [[influenza virus]] is the most common cause, especially during the winter.<ref name="pmid2174179">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boldy DA, Skidmore SJ, Ayres JG |title=Acute bronchitis in the community: clinical features, infective factors, changes in pulmonary function and bronchial reactivity to histamine |journal=Respir Med |volume=84 |issue=5 |pages=377–85 |year=1990 |pmid=2174179 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


==Causes==
==Causes==
In about half of instances of acute bronchitis a bacterial or viral pathogen is identified.<ref name="pmid11209098">{{cite journal |author=Macfarlane J, Holmes W, Gard P, ''et al'' |title=Prospective study of the incidence, aetiology and outcome of adult lower respiratory tract illness in the community |journal=Thorax |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=109–14 |year=2001 |pmid=11209098 |doi=}}</ref> Typical viruses include [[Human respiratory syncytial virus|respiratory syncytial virus]], [[rhinovirus]], [[influenza]], and others.<ref name="pmid15260036">{{cite journal |author=Freymuth F, Vabret A, Gouarin S, ''et al'' |title=[Epidemiology and diagnosis of respiratory syncitial virus in adults] |language=French |journal=Revue des maladies respiratoires |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=35–42 |year=2004 |pmid=15260036 |doi=}}</ref>
*[[Acute Bronchitis]] may be caused by either viral, bacterial or environmental factors.
*[[Influenza]] virus is the most common overall cause.<ref name="pmid2174179">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boldy DA, Skidmore SJ, Ayres JG |title=Acute bronchitis in the community: clinical features, infective factors, changes in pulmonary function and bronchial reactivity to histamine |journal=Respir Med |volume=84 |issue=5 |pages=377–85 |year=1990 |pmid=2174179 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17108344">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wenzel RP, Fowler AA |title=Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=20 |pages=2125–30 |year=2006 |pmid=17108344 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp061493 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9323784">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jonsson JS, Sigurdsson JA, Kristinsson KG, Guthnadóttir M, Magnusson S |title=Acute bronchitis in adults. How close do we come to its aetiology in general practice? |journal=Scand J Prim Health Care |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=156–60 |year=1997 |pmid=9323784 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


Acute bronchitis can result from breathing irritating fumes, such as those of tobacco smoke or polluted air.


===Life Threatening Causes===


{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | |B01=Causes}}
{{familytree | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | | C01 | | | | | C02 | | | | | C03 |C01=Viruses<ref name="pmid9323784">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jonsson JS, Sigurdsson JA, Kristinsson KG, Guthnadóttir M, Magnusson S |title=Acute bronchitis in adults. How close do we come to its aetiology in general practice? |journal=Scand J Prim Health Care |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=156–60 |year=1997 |pmid=9323784 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12402203">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boivin G, Abed Y, Pelletier G, Ruel L, Moisan D, Côté S, Peret TC, Erdman DD, Anderson LJ |title=Virological features and clinical manifestations associated with human metapneumovirus: a new paramyxovirus responsible for acute respiratory-tract infections in all age groups |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=186 |issue=9 |pages=1330–4 |year=2002 |pmid=12402203 |doi=10.1086/344319 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16107980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Louie JK, Hacker JK, Gonzales R, Mark J, Maselli JH, Yagi S, Drew WL |title=Characterization of viral agents causing acute respiratory infection in a San Francisco University Medical Center Clinic during the influenza season |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=822–8 |year=2005 |pmid=16107980 |doi=10.1086/432800 |url=}}</ref>|C02=Bacteria<ref name="pmid17108344">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wenzel RP, Fowler AA |title=Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=355 |issue=20 |pages=2125–30 |year=2006 |pmid=17108344 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp061493 |url=}}</ref>|C03=Environmental causes<ref name="pmid11106722">{{cite journal |vauthors=Irwin RS, Madison JM |title=The diagnosis and treatment of cough |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=343 |issue=23 |pages=1715–21 |year=2000 |pmid=11106722 |doi=10.1056/NEJM200012073432308 |url=}}</ref>}}
{{familytree | | |!| | | | | | |!| | | | | | |!| | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | F01 | | | | | F02 | | | | | F03 |F01=[[Influenza virus]]<br>[[Parainfluenza virus]]<br>[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]<br>[[Coronavirus]]<br>[[Adenovirus]]<br>[[Enterovirus]]<br>[[Rhinovirus]]<br>[[Coxsackievirus]]<br> [[Human metapneumovirus]]|F02=[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]<br>[[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]]<br>[[Bordetella pertussis]]|F03=Toxic fume inhalation<br>Tobacco<br>Dust<br>Aerosol}}
{{familytree/end}}


===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
 
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Bordetella pertussis]]
*[[Hemophilus influenzae]]
*[[Influenza virus]]
*[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]
*[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
*[[Rhinovirus]]
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
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|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vanadium poisoning]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[vanadium|Vanadium poisoning]]


|-
|-
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Adenovirus]], [[bordetella pertussis]], [[chickenpox]], [[chlamydia pneumoniae]], [[coronavirus ]], [[gram-negative bacilli]], [[haemophilus influenzae]], [[human metapneumovirus]], [[influenza A]], [[influenza B]], [[moraxella catarrhalis]], [[mycoplasma pneumoniae]], [[parainfluenza]], [[respiratory syncytial virus]], [[rhinovirus]], [[staphylococcus aureus]], [[streptococcus pneumoniae]]
 
|
[[Adenovirus]],  
[[Bordetella pertussis]],  
[[Chickenpox]],  
[[Chlamydia pneumoniae]],  
[[Coronavirus ]],  
[[Gram-negative bacilli]],  
[[Haemophilus influenzae]],  
[[Human metapneumovirus]],  
[[Influenza A]],  
[[Influenza B]],  
[[Moraxella catarrhalis]],  
[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]],  
[[Parainfluenza]],  
[[Respiratory syncytial virus]],  
[[Rhinovirus]],  
[[Staphylococcus aureus]],  
[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
Line 153: Line 148:


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|3|
{{columns-list|2|
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Bordetella pertussis]]
*[[Bordetella pertussis]]
Line 171: Line 166:
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
*[[Vanadium poisoning]]
*[[vanadium|Vanadium poisoning]]
}}
}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:General practice]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Surgery]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 20:15, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common causes of acute bronchitis include viruses, bacteria and environmental factors. Among these causes, influenza virus is the most common cause, especially during the winter.[1]

Causes



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Causes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Viruses[3][4][5]
 
 
 
 
Bacteria[2]
 
 
 
 
Environmental causes[6]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Influenza virus
Parainfluenza virus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Coronavirus
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Rhinovirus
Coxsackievirus
Human metapneumovirus
 
 
 
 
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Bordetella pertussis
 
 
 
 
Toxic fume inhalation
Tobacco
Dust
Aerosol

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning Vanadium poisoning
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Adenovirus, bordetella pertussis, chickenpox, chlamydia pneumoniae, coronavirus , gram-negative bacilli, haemophilus influenzae, human metapneumovirus, influenza A, influenza B, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
2

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Boldy DA, Skidmore SJ, Ayres JG (1990). "Acute bronchitis in the community: clinical features, infective factors, changes in pulmonary function and bronchial reactivity to histamine". Respir Med. 84 (5): 377–85. PMID 2174179.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Wenzel RP, Fowler AA (2006). "Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (20): 2125–30. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp061493. PMID 17108344.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Jonsson JS, Sigurdsson JA, Kristinsson KG, Guthnadóttir M, Magnusson S (1997). "Acute bronchitis in adults. How close do we come to its aetiology in general practice?". Scand J Prim Health Care. 15 (3): 156–60. PMID 9323784.
  4. Boivin G, Abed Y, Pelletier G, Ruel L, Moisan D, Côté S, Peret TC, Erdman DD, Anderson LJ (2002). "Virological features and clinical manifestations associated with human metapneumovirus: a new paramyxovirus responsible for acute respiratory-tract infections in all age groups". J. Infect. Dis. 186 (9): 1330–4. doi:10.1086/344319. PMID 12402203.
  5. Louie JK, Hacker JK, Gonzales R, Mark J, Maselli JH, Yagi S, Drew WL (2005). "Characterization of viral agents causing acute respiratory infection in a San Francisco University Medical Center Clinic during the influenza season". Clin. Infect. Dis. 41 (6): 822–8. doi:10.1086/432800. PMID 16107980.
  6. Irwin RS, Madison JM (2000). "The diagnosis and treatment of cough". N. Engl. J. Med. 343 (23): 1715–21. doi:10.1056/NEJM200012073432308. PMID 11106722.