Actinomycosis: Difference between revisions

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	Actinomycosis;
	A patient with Actinomycosis on the right side of the face.
ICD-10	A42
ICD-9	039
DiseasesDB	145
MeSH	D000196

Revision as of 22:45, 23 January 2012

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

6 species cause disease in humans:
- A. israelii
- A. Naeslundii
- A. odontolyticus
- A. viscosus
- A. Meyeri
- A. gerencseriae
Gram positive filamentous rod
Sulfur Granules
Actinomyces from within, Nocardia from without
Generally low pathogenicity and cause disease only in the setting of antecedent tissue injury

Cervicofacial Actinomycosis (55%)
- Acute painful pyogenic abscess or indolent angle-of-jaw mass
Thoracic Actinomycosis
- Lungs
- Pleura
- Mediastinum
- Chest wall (aspiration, extension of cervicofacial disease, transdiaphragmatic or retroperitoneal spread)
  Clinical picture of tuberculosis (TB) or malignancy
Abdominal and Pelvic Actinomycosis
- Following:
  Penetrating trauma
  
  Gut perforation
  
  Surgical manipulation
- Ileocecal predilection
  Confused with:
  TB
  
  Ameboma
  
  Chronic appy
  
  Regional enteritis
  
  Carcinoma
  
  Intrauterine devices (IUD’s)
Central Nervous System (CNS)

Surgery often required for disease of the chest, abdomen, pelvis, and central nervous system (CNS)

The content on this page was first contributed by: Dr. Steve Wiviott

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 ==Causative organism==
-Actinomycosis is primarily caused by any of several members of the bacterial [[genus]] ''[[Actinomyces]]''. These bacteria are generally [[Anaerobic organism|anaerobes]].<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | id = ISBN 0838585299 }}</ref> ''Actinomyces'' spp. normally live in the small spaces between the teeth and gums, causing infection only when they can multiply freely in anoxic environments. The three most common sites of infection are decayed teeth, the lungs, and the [[intestines]].
-Since ''Actinomyces'' bacteria are generally sensitive to [[penicillin]], it is frequently used to treat actinomycosis.
 == Pathophysiology & Etiology==


Actinomycosis
A patient with Actinomycosis on the right side of the face.
ICD-10	A42
ICD-9	039
DiseasesDB	145
MeSH	D000196