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__NOTOC__
'''For patient information click [[Abdominal distension (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Infobox_Disease |
{{Infobox_Disease |
  | Name          = {{PAGENAME}}
  | Name          = {{PAGENAME}}
  | Image          = Bowel obstruction.jpg
  | Image          = Bowel obstruction.jpg
| Caption        =
| DiseasesDB    = 30819
| ICD10          = {{ICD10|R|14||r|10}}, {{ICD10|R|19|0|r|10}}
| ICD9          = {{ICD9|787.3}}, {{ICD9|789.3}}
| ICDO          =
| OMIM          =
| MedlinePlus    =
| MeshID        =
}}
}}
{{Abdominal distension}}
{{Abdominal distension}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}; {{MUT}}


==Overview==
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}; {{MUT}}


* '''Abdominal distension''' must be evaluated carefully and systematically. The first concern is to rule out a serious diagnosis such as [[abdominal aneurysm]].
{{SK}} Distended abdomen; abdominal swelling; swelling in the abdomen; swollen belly
* Importance of evaluation:
:* To rule out serious diagnoses
:* To evaluate mundane diagnoses
:*:* [[Overeating]]
:*:* [[Swallowing air]]
* Attention to history and physical examination is important to formulate plan of diagnosis


==Diagnosis==
== [[Abdominal distension overview|Overview]] ==


=== History ===
== [[Abdominal distension pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==
* [[Diarrhea]]
* [[Weight gain]]
* Duration
* Flatus
* [[Reflux]]
* Last bowel movement
* Last [[menstrual period]]
* Sexual history
* Presence of [[fever]]
* Constitutional symptoms


=== Physical Examination ===
== [[Abdominal distension causes|Causes]] ==
* In women, pelvic exam
* Fluid wave
* Signs:
*:* [[Cirrhosis]]
*:* [[Portal hypertension]]
==== Abdomen ====
* Abdominal exam
*:* Masses
*:* Palpitation for hernias
* Abdominal tenderness
=== Laboratory Findings ===
* [[Complete blood count]] ([[CBC]])
* [[Stool culture]]s
* [[Pregnancy test]]
* [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] ([[ESR]])
* Liver workup ([[liver function test]]s, [[biopsy]], [[hepatitis]] panel)


=== MRI and CT ===
== [[Abdominal distension differential diagnosis|Differentiating Abdominal Distension from other Diseases]] ==
* Pelvic and abdominal [[CT scan]]s could reveal:
*:* [[Cirrhosis]]
*:* Ovarian masses
*:* [[Pseudocyst]]s
*:* [[Aneurysm]]s


=== Echocardiography or Ultrasound ===
== [[Abdominal distension epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==
* Pelvic and abdominal ultrasound may reveal:
*:* Ovarian mass
*:* [[Pregnancy]]
*:* [[Ascites]]
*:* [[Liver disease]]


=== Other Imaging Findings ===
== [[Abdominal distension risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
* KUB x-rays ([[kidney]], [[ureter]], [[bladder]])
*:* Could reveal [[paralytic ileus]], [[constipation]], [[air swallowing]], [[bowel obstruction]]


=== Other Diagnostic Studies ===
== [[Abdominal distension natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis ]] ==
* [[Biopsy]] for masses/tumors
* [[Endoscopy]] (lower gastrointestinal) may be performed to rule out any organic pathology before [[irritable bowel syndrome]] can be diagnosed.
* [[Paracentesis]] may provide symptomatic relief and is diagnostic for [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]] (SBP) and malignant [[ascites]].


== Diagnosis ==


[[Abdominal distension history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Abdominal distension physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Abdominal distension laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Abdominal distension x ray|X Ray]] | [[Abdominal distension CT|CT]] | [[Abdominal distension MRI|MRI]] | [[Abdominal distension ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Abdominal distension other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Abdominal distension other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==
* For [[malabsorption]], reduce milk intake and change diet
* For [[bowel obstruction]], [[pancreatitis]] (for example), [[nasogastric tube]] decompression and bowel rest (when indicated)
* For swallowing air, awareness is key:
*:* Sip hot beverages
*:* Avoid carbonated beverages
*:* Chew gum/suck on candies
*:* Eat slowly
*:* Drink through a straw
* Treatment of underlying [[liver disease]]s (management of complications)
* Increase dietary fiber, reduce stress, and [[antispasmodic]]s for [[irritable bowel syndrome]]
=== Acute Pharmacotherapies ===
* For [[constipation]], [[laxative]]s
* For [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]] (SBP), [[antibiotic]]s
== Surgery and Device Based Therapy ==
* Referral for [[hernia]]s (if and when appropriate)
==References==
{{reflist|2}}


==See also==
[[Abdominal distension medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Abdominal distension surgery|Surgery]] | [[Abdominal distension primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Abdominal distension cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Abdominal distension future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
* [[Gastric distension]]
* [[Bloating]]


{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
== Case Studies ==
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Abdominal distension case study one|Case #1]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]
[[Category:Physical examination]]
[[Category:Physical examination]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]

Latest revision as of 20:06, 29 July 2020

For patient information click here

Abdominal distension

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Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Abdominal Distension from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; M.Umer Tariq [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Distended abdomen; abdominal swelling; swelling in the abdomen; swollen belly

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Abdominal Distension from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1 Template:WH Template:WS

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