Mastoiditis causes
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Mastoiditis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Causes
Common Causes
Mastoiditis is caused by bacterial pathogens for preceding infectious otitis media:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae,
- Streptococcus pyogenes,
- Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus),[1]
- The most common causes for AM is S. pneumoniae, followed by S. pyogenes and S. aureus
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- Despite being the second most frequent cause of AOM, H. influenzae is rare in AM of childhood
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Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | Cholesteatoma, cochlear implant infections |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency, Nijmegen breakage syndrome |
| Hematologic | Histiocytosis X |
| Iatrogenic | Cochlear implant infections |
| Infectious Disease | Anaerobic bacteria, bacteroides, blastomycosis, enterobacteriaceae, fusobacterium, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, MRSA, mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, pasteurella multocida, peptostreptococcus, porphyromonas, prevotella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, streptococcus Group A, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Histiocytosis X |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Histiocytosis X |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
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3References
- ↑ Geva A, Oestreicher-Kedem Y, Fishman G, Landsberg R, DeRowe A (2008). "Conservative management of acute mastoiditis in children". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 72 (5): 629–34. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.01.013. PMID 18304656.
- ↑ Chien JH, Chen YS, Hung IF, Hsieh KS, Wu KS, Cheng MF (2012). "Mastoiditis diagnosed by clinical symptoms and imaging studies in children: disease spectrum and evolving diagnostic challenges". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 45 (5): 377–81. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.008. PMID 22578647.