Dementia epidemiology and demographics

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Dementia Microchapters

Patient Information

Overview

Classification

Causes

Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ,Sabeeh Islam, MBBS[2]

Overview

Accurate diagnosis requires a collateral history from an informant familiar with the patient's daily function.

The presenting symptom is usually loss of recent memory first, and often difficulty with executive function and/or nominal dysphasia (difficulties in word finding and naming).

Patients also experience loss of episodic memory that is marked by, for example, loss of recall of the names of recent visitors, and may exhibit confabulation, confusion, and marked distortions of memory.

Dementia Epidemiology and Demographics

  • The most common dementia throughout the world is Alzheimer's dementia, the second most common is vascular dementia or mixed dementia. The World Health Organization predicts that by 2020 there will be 29 million people with dementia globally, with Alzheimer's dementia predominating. Dementia was second to heart failure as a leading cause of mortality, accounting for 19 percent of the deaths
  • The prevalence of dementia increases by 30% with age greater than 80 years and the incidence of dementia doubles every 10 years after age 60 years[1]
  • People with black ethnicity are at higher risk of developing dementia compared to white race. While individuals do not die of Alzheimer's dementia per se, advanced disease increases vulnerability for other disorders, commonly infections, which ultimately lead to death.[2]
  • Dementia is more prevalent in females compared to males.[3]

References

  1. Montine TJ, Phelps CH, Beach TG, Bigio EH, Cairns NJ, Dickson DW, Duyckaerts C, Frosch MP, Masliah E, Mirra SS, Nelson PT, Schneider JA, Thal DR, Trojanowski JQ, Vinters HV, Hyman BT (January 2012). "National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease: a practical approach". Acta Neuropathol. 123 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0910-3. PMC 3268003. PMID 22101365.
  2. Duong S, Patel T, Chang F (2017). "Dementia: What pharmacists need to know". Can Pharm J (Ott). 150 (2): 118–129. doi:10.1177/1715163517690745. PMC 5384525. PMID 28405256.
  3. "Dementia Estimates and Projections: Australian States and Territories" (PDF). Alzheimer's Australia. 2005-02-01. Retrieved 2006-10-04. Check date values in: |date= (help)

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