Anemia of prematurity natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
[[Anemia of prematurity]] can develop following [[complication|complications]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/pediatrics/anemia-of-prematurity/ |title=www.cancertherapyadvisor.com |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>: | |||
*[[Poor growth]] | *[[Poor growth]] | ||
*[[Apnea]] | *[[Apnea]] | ||
*[[Cardiovascular | *[[Cardiovascular]] instability | ||
[[Complications]] that can develop as a result of the [[treatment]] of [[anemia of prematurity]] are | |||
[[Complication|Complications]] that can develop as a result of the [[treatment]] of [[anemia of prematurity]] are<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/pediatrics/anemia-of-prematurity/ |title=www.cancertherapyadvisor.com |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Infections]] | *[[Infections]] | ||
*[[Allergic reactions]] | *[[Allergic reactions]] | ||
*[[Iron overload]] | *[[Iron overload]] | ||
*[[Fluid overload]] | *[[Fluid overload]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Electrolyte imbalance]] | ||
*[[Calcium]] disturbance | *[[Calcium]] disturbance | ||
*[[Immune mediated adverse reactions]] | *[[Immune mediated adverse reactions]] | ||
*[[Transfusion]] of [[toxic substances]] present in the [[blood]] | **[[Acute hemolytic reaction]] | ||
**[[Febrile non-hemolytic reaction]] | |||
**[[Immunosuppression]] | |||
**[[Graft versus host disease]] | |||
**[[Transfusion related acute lung injury]] | |||
*[[Transfusion]] of [[toxic substances]] present in the [[blood]] | |||
**[[Lead]] | |||
**[[Mercury]] | |||
**[[Plasticizers]] | |||
*[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]] | |||
*[[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]] | |||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Asra Firdous, M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Common complications of anemia of prematurity include poor growth, apnea, and cardiovascular instability. The prognosis of anemia of prematurity is good with treatment
Natural History
- In preterm infants, anemia gets worsened due to other illness related to prematurity and blood loss during phlebotomy[1]
- Premature infants develop abnormal clinical signs and symptoms depending on the hemoglobin levels[2]
- Some infants can be asymptomatic or develop mild symptoms that require little or no therapy
- Others develop severe signs and symptoms that require treatment with blood transfusion and erythropoietin
- If left untreated, anemia of prematurity leads to cardiovascular instability
Complications
Anemia of prematurity can develop following complications[3]:
- Poor growth
- Apnea
- Cardiovascular instability
Complications that can develop as a result of the treatment of anemia of prematurity are[4]
- Infections
- Allergic reactions
- Iron overload
- Fluid overload
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Calcium disturbance
- Immune mediated adverse reactions
- Transfusion of toxic substances present in the blood
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Prognosis
- The prognosis of anemia of prematurity is good with prompt diagnosis and early treatment[5]
- Milder cases usually resolve spontaneously with age
- Without adequate treatment, anemia of prematurity will result in serious complications
References
- ↑ Strauss RG (November 2010). "Anaemia of prematurity: pathophysiology and treatment". Blood Rev. 24 (6): 221–5. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2010.08.001. PMID 20817366.
- ↑ "www.cancertherapyadvisor.com".
- ↑ "www.cancertherapyadvisor.com".
- ↑ "www.cancertherapyadvisor.com".
- ↑ "www.cancertherapyadvisor.com".