Scoliosis causes: Difference between revisions
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There are three general causes of scoliosis: | There are three general causes of scoliosis: | ||
* Congenital (present at birth) scoliosis is due to failure of vertebral formation or segmentation of affected vertebrae in utero. | * Congenital (present at birth) scoliosis is due to failure of vertebral formation or segmentation of affected vertebrae in utero.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=RB |last2=Moe |first2=JH |date=1960,Jan 01 |title=Congenital Scoliosis A Study of 234 Patients Treated and Untreated Part I: Natural History |url= |journal=J Bone Joint Surg Am. |volume=50 |issue=1 |page=1-15 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Imagama |first1=S |last2=Kawakami |first2=N |date=2005 |title=Spatial relationships between a deformed vertebra and an adjacent vertebra in congenial scoliosis-failure of formation. |url= |journal=J Jpn Scoliosis Soc. |volume=20 |issue= |pages=20-25 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}</ref> | ||
* Neuromuscular scoliosis is caused by problems such as poor muscle control or muscle weakness, or paralysis due to diseases such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, and polio. | * Neuromuscular scoliosis is caused by problems such as poor muscle control or muscle weakness, or paralysis due to diseases such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, and polio.<ref name="McCarthy1999">{{cite journal|last1=McCarthy|first1=Richard E.|title=MANAGEMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS|journal=Orthopedic Clinics of North America|volume=30|issue=3|year=1999|pages=435–449|issn=00305898|doi=10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70096-1}}</ref> | ||
* Idiopathic scoliosis is scoliosis of unknown cause. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is the most common type. | * Idiopathic scoliosis is scoliosis of unknown cause. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is the most common type.<ref>Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.</ref> | ||
'''Nonstructural scoliosis''' | '''Nonstructural scoliosis''' | ||
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*[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease]. | *[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease]. | ||
===Genetic Causes=== | ===Genetic Causes=== | ||
*Scoliosis is caused by a mutation in the Mendelian gene, CHD7 gene and PAX1 gene. | *Scoliosis is caused by a mutation in the Mendelian gene, CHD7 gene and PAX1 gene. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:56, 29 November 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]
Overview
The most common cause of scoliosis is idiopathic. Less common causes of scoliosis include congenital and neuromuscular.
Causes
There are three general causes of scoliosis:
- Congenital (present at birth) scoliosis is due to failure of vertebral formation or segmentation of affected vertebrae in utero.[1][2]
- Neuromuscular scoliosis is caused by problems such as poor muscle control or muscle weakness, or paralysis due to diseases such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, and polio.[3]
- Idiopathic scoliosis is scoliosis of unknown cause. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is the most common type.[4]
Nonstructural scoliosis
- Appendicitis
- Local inflammation
- Leg length discrepancy
- Muscle spasms
Structural scoliosis
- Amyoplasia congenita
- Arthrogryposis
- Bechterew's Disease
- Benign tumors
- Brucella infection of the spine
- Cerebral Palsy
- Chondrodysplasia
- Dislocation
- Dwarfism
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Fredrick's Ataxia
- Hemivertebra
- Homocystinuria
- Irradiation
- Malignant tumors
- Marfan's Syndrome
- Morquio's Disease
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Osteomalacia
- Osteoporosis
- Polyomyelitis
- Postoperative
- Rheumatic disease of the spine
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Rickets
- Salmonella infection of the spine
- Scheuermann's disease
- Spinal cord trauma
- Spinal muscular atrophy
- Still's Disease
- Syringomyelia
- Tuberculosis of the spine
- Unilateral bar
- VonRecklinghausen's Disease
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
- Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
- Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
- [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
Genetic Causes
- Scoliosis is caused by a mutation in the Mendelian gene, CHD7 gene and PAX1 gene.
References
- ↑ Winter RB, Moe JH (1960,Jan 01). "Congenital Scoliosis A Study of 234 Patients Treated and Untreated Part I: Natural History". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 50 (1): 1-15. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Imagama S, Kawakami N (2005). "Spatial relationships between a deformed vertebra and an adjacent vertebra in congenial scoliosis-failure of formation". J Jpn Scoliosis Soc. 20: 20–25.
- ↑ McCarthy, Richard E. (1999). "MANAGEMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS". Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 30 (3): 435–449. doi:10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70096-1. ISSN 0030-5898.
- ↑ Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.