Toxic megacolon overview: Difference between revisions
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The most common cause of toxic megacolon include [[inflammatory bowel disease]] and [[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']] [[pseudomembranous colitis]]. | |||
==Differentiating ((Page name)) from Other Diseases== | ==Differentiating ((Page name)) from Other Diseases== |
Revision as of 21:03, 27 November 2017
Toxic Megacolon Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Toxic megacolon was first discovered by Marshak and Lester in 1950. Jalen criteria was developed by Jalen et al to diagnose toxic megacolon in 1969.
Classification
There is no established system for the classification of toxic megacolon.
Pathophysiology
Toxic megacolon results from severe inflammation extending into the smooth-muscle layer and paralyses the colonic smooth muscle leading to dilatation. The extent of dilatation associated with the depth of inflammation and ulceration. Nitric oxide, an inhibitor of smooth-muscle tone, has an important role in the pathogenesis of toxic megacolon. Nitric oxide is produced by neutrophils and smooth-muscle cells in the inflamed colon.
Causes
The most common cause of toxic megacolon include inflammatory bowel disease and Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis.