Pituitary apoplexy history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==
Pituitary infarction usually has a short period of symptoms (acute), but it can be life-threatening.
Pituitary apoplexy usually has a short period of [[symptoms]] (acute), but it can be life-threatening.


Symptoms usually include:<ref name="pmid28437813">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pyrgelis ES, Mavridis I, Meliou M |title=Presenting Symptoms of Pituitary Apoplexy |journal=J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28437813 |doi=10.1055/s-0037-1599051 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10468988">{{cite journal| author=Randeva HS, Schoebel J, Byrne J, Esiri M, Adams CB, Wass JA| title=Classical pituitary apoplexy: clinical features, management and outcome. | journal=Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) | year= 1999 | volume= 51 | issue= 2 | pages= 181-8 | pmid=10468988 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10468988  }} </ref>
[[Symptoms]] usually include:<ref name="pmid28437813">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pyrgelis ES, Mavridis I, Meliou M |title=Presenting Symptoms of Pituitary Apoplexy |journal=J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28437813 |doi=10.1055/s-0037-1599051 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10468988">{{cite journal| author=Randeva HS, Schoebel J, Byrne J, Esiri M, Adams CB, Wass JA| title=Classical pituitary apoplexy: clinical features, management and outcome. | journal=Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) | year= 1999 | volume= 51 | issue= 2 | pages= 181-8 | pmid=10468988 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10468988  }} </ref>


*Severe [[headache]]. It is generally the first [[symptom]] to appear (seen in 80% of patients).
*Severe [[headache]]. It is generally the first [[symptom]] to appear (seen in 80% of patients).
*[[Paralysis]] of the eye [[Muscle|muscles]] ([[ophthalmoplegia]]), causing double vision ([[diplopia]]) . It can be due to [[intra]][[cavernous]] expansion of the [[tumor]] mass or a sudden increase in pressure in the [[pituitary]] region.
*[[Paralysis]] of the eye [[Muscle|muscles]] ([[ophthalmoplegia]]), causing double vision ([[diplopia]]). It can be due to [[intra]][[cavernous]] expansion of the [[tumor]] mass or a sudden increase in pressure in the [[pituitary]] region.
*Visual disturbances from compression of surrounding structures ([[optic chiasm]] and [[optic tract]]).
*Visual disturbances from compression of surrounding structures ([[optic chiasm]] and [[optic tract]]).
*[[Extravasation]] of blood into [[subarachnoid space]] can lead to signs of [[meningeal irritation]] such as nausea, [[vomitting]], [[photophobia]] and [[meningismus.]]
*[[Extravasation]] of blood into [[subarachnoid space]] can lead to signs of [[meningeal irritation]] such as nausea, [[vomitting]], [[photophobia]] and [[meningismus.]]
*Low [[blood pressure]], [[nausea]], and [[vomit]]ing from [[acute adrenal insufficiency]]
*Low [[blood pressure]], [[nausea]], and [[vomit]]ing from [[acute adrenal insufficiency]].


Less commonly, pituitary dysfunction may appear more slowly. In [[Sheehan syndrome]], for example, the first symptom may be a failure to produce milk caused by lack of the hormone [[prolactin]].
Less commonly, pituitary dysfunction may appear more slowly. In [[Sheehan syndrome]], for example, the first symptom may be a failure to produce milk caused by lack of the hormone [[prolactin]].
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**Lack of energy
**Lack of energy
*[[Hypoadrenalism]] (if not already present or treated)
*[[Hypoadrenalism]] (if not already present or treated)
**Inability to deal with physical stress
**Inability to deal with physical [[Stress (medicine)|stress]]
**[[Nausea]]
**[[Nausea]]
*[[Hypogonadism]]
*[[Hypogonadism]]
**Absent periods ([[amenorrhea]]) in women
**Absent periods ([[amenorrhea]]) in women
**[[Sexual dysfunction]] and loss of muscle mass in men
**[[Sexual dysfunction]] and loss of [[muscle mass]] in men
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
**Cold intolerance
**Cold intolerance
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**[[Depressed mood]]
**[[Depressed mood]]
**[[Dry skin]]
**[[Dry skin]]
**Fatigue
**[[Fatigue]]
**Hair or skin changes
**[[Hair]] or [[skin changes]]
**[[Hoarseness]]
**[[Hoarseness]]
**Menstrual changes
**[[Menstrual]] changes
**Mental slowing
**Mental slowing
**[[Weight gain]]
**[[Weight gain]]


When the [[posterior pituitary]] is involved (rare), symptoms may include:
When the [[posterior pituitary]] is involved (rare), [[symptoms]] may include:


*Failure of the [[uterus]] to contract as needed to give birth to a baby (in women)
*Failure of the [[uterus]] to contract as needed to give [[birth]] to a baby (in women)
*Failure to produce [[breast milk]] (in women)
*Failure to produce [[breast milk]] (in women)
*Uncontrolled [[urination]]
*Uncontrolled [[urination]]

Revision as of 18:34, 28 July 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Pituitary apoplexy usually has a short period of symptoms (acute), but it can be life-threatening. Symptoms usually include severe headache, paralysis of eye muscles, visual disturbances, nausea and vomitting.

Symptoms

Pituitary apoplexy usually has a short period of symptoms (acute), but it can be life-threatening.

Symptoms usually include:[1][2]

Less commonly, pituitary dysfunction may appear more slowly. In Sheehan syndrome, for example, the first symptom may be a failure to produce milk caused by lack of the hormone prolactin.

Over time, problems with other pituitary hormones may develop, causing symptoms of the following conditions:

When the posterior pituitary is involved (rare), symptoms may include:

References

  1. Pyrgelis ES, Mavridis I, Meliou M (2017). "Presenting Symptoms of Pituitary Apoplexy". J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1599051. PMID 28437813.
  2. Randeva HS, Schoebel J, Byrne J, Esiri M, Adams CB, Wass JA (1999). "Classical pituitary apoplexy: clinical features, management and outcome". Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 51 (2): 181–8. PMID 10468988.

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