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| {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Trusha}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Trusha}} |
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| # [[Endometriosis|Bowel endometriosis]] vs [[Hemorrhoids]] vs [[Diverticular disease|Diverticular diseases]] vs [[Anal fissure]] vs [[Ulcerative colitis]] vs [[Crohn's disease]]
| | ==new== |
| # Colorectal carcinoma ([[Adenocarcinoma]]) vs [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]] vs [[Juvenile polyposis syndrome|Juvenile Polyposis Coli]] vs [[Gastrointestinal stromal tumor|Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors]] vs [[Hamartoma]] vs [[MALT lymphoma|Colorectal Lymphoma]]
| | |
| # [[Strangulated hernia]] vs [[Appendicitis]] vs [[Crohn's disease]]
| | |
| # [[Irritable bowel syndrome]] vs [[Crohn's disease]] vs [[Ulcerative colitis]] vs [[Infectious colitis]] vs [[Carcinoid|Carcinoids]]
| | |
| | {| align="right" |
| | | |
| | [[Image:Squamous cell mircopathology2.jpeg|x200px|thumb| Micropathology: Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. H&E stain, By Nephron [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ALung_squamous_carcinoma_--_high_mag.jpg Wikimedia Commons]]] |
| | |} |
| | {| align="right" |
| | | |
| | [[Image:Bronchial cancer.jpeg|x200px|thumb|Gross pathology: Bronchial squamous lung cell cancer By John Hayman [Public domain], (Image source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ACa_bronchus.jpg Wikimedia Commons])]] |
| | |} |
|
| |
|
| {| | | {| |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
| |
| ! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
| |
| | colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
| |
| ! colspan="5" rowspan="2" |Para-clinical findings
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Gold standard'''
| |
| ! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Symptoms'''
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical exam
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Radiology
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Productive cough
| |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemoptysis
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Weight loss
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Auscultation
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Sputum analysis
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Nodule
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Nodule content
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other findings
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pulmonary nodule|Pulmonary Nodule]](benign)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Asymptomatic
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Normal
| |
|
| |
|
| * Present [[pleural friction rub]]
| |
| * Present [[egophony]]
| |
| * Crackling or bubbling noises
| |
| * Present whispered pectoriloquy
| |
| * Decreased/absent [[breath sounds]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Single
| |
| * Round, oval
| |
| * <5 mm nodule
| |
| * Ground glass
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Fat
| |
|
| |
|
| Calcification
| | # [[Superior vena cava obstruction]] |
| * Central dense nidus
| | # [[Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection]] |
| * Diffuse solid
| | # [[Esophageal achalasia]] |
| * Laminated
| | # [[Esophageal cancer]] |
| * Popcorn
| | # [[Esophageal rupture]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | # [[Hiatus hernia]] |
| * well-defined smooth border
| | # [[Hilar lymphadenopathy]] |
| * Growth rate over 18 months
| | # [[Pneumomediastinum]] |
| * Cavity wall thickness of 1 mm
| | # [[Sarcoidosis]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | # [[Lymphoma]] |
| * N/A
| | # [[Neurilemmoma]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |N/A
| | # [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓ O2 Sat
| | # [[Teratoma]] |
| |-
| | # [[Thymoma]] |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Pulmonary Nodule (malignant)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ++
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ++
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ++
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[Dyspnea]]
| |
| * Non resolving [[pneumonia]]
| |
| * [[Wheeze|Wheezing]]
| |
| * [[Chest pain]]
| |
| * [[Cachexia]]
| |
| * [[Fatigue]]
| |
| * [[Anorexia|Loss of appetite]]
| |
| * [[Dysphonia]]
| |
| * [[Dysphagia]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Normal
| |
|
| |
|
| * Present [[pleural friction rub]]
| | # [[Thyroid cancer]] |
| * Present [[egophony]]
| | # [[Goitre]] |
| * Crackling or bubbling noises
| | # [[Mediastinal germ cell tumor]], |
| * Present whispered pectoriloquy
| | # [[Mediastinal tumor]], |
| * Decreased/absent [[breath sounds]]
| | # [[Mediastinitis]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Tumor cells
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Multiple small
| |
| * Single > 2 cm of size
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Calcification
| |
| * Amorphous
| |
| * Punctate
| |
| * Reticular
| |
| * Stippled or eccentric
| |
| Cavity
| |
|
| |
|
| Ulceration
| | # [[Churg-Strauss syndrome]] |
| *
| | # [[Bronchogenic cyst]], |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | # [[Dermoid cyst]] |
| * Spiculated border
| | # [[Anthrax]]: |
| * Rapid growth rate (Doubling time 1-18 months)
| | # [[Tularemia]] |
| * Cavity wall thickness over 15 mm
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * central necrosis
| |
| * Cavity lined by viable cancer cells without necrosis
| |
| *
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Biopsy and histopathological analysis
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↓ O2 Sat
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| *
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
| |
| !Diseases
| |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Productive cough
| |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Hemoptysis
| |
| !Weight loss
| |
| !Other symptoms
| |
| !Auscultation
| |
| !Sputum analysis
| |
| !Nodule
| |
| !Content
| |
| !Other findings
| |
| !Histopathology
| |
| |'''Gold standard'''
| |
| !Additional findings
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lung abscess|Abscess]]
| |
| <ref name="pmid26366400">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kuhajda I, Zarogoulidis K, Tsirgogianni K, Tsavlis D, Kioumis I, Kosmidis C, Tsakiridis K, Mpakas A, Zarogoulidis P, Zissimopoulos A, Baloukas D, Kuhajda D |title=Lung abscess-etiology, diagnostic and treatment options |journal=Ann Transl Med |volume=3 |issue=13 |pages=183 |date=August 2015 |pmid=26366400 |pmc=4543327 |doi=10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.07.08 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | ++
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * High [[fever]]
| |
| (> 101' F)
| |
| * [[Pleuritic chest pain|Pleuritic]] [[chest pain]]
| |
| * [[Sputum|Foul smelling sputum]]
| |
| * Night sweats
| |
| * Dyspnea
| |
| * Weight loss
| |
| * Fatigue
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Decreased [[Breath sounds|breath sound]]
| |
| * Bronchial [[Breath sounds|breath sound]]
| |
| * [[Crackles|Inspiratory crackles]]
| |
| * [[Crepitations|Localised crepitations]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Causative agents
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Vary in size
| |
| * Round in shape
| |
|
| |
|
| *
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Fluid/gas-fluid level
| |
| * Surrounding area consolidation
| |
| * [[Cavity]] persists longer than [[Consolidation (medicine)|consolidation]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |.
| |
| * The wall of the [[abscess]] is typically thick and the [[luminal]] surface irregular
| |
| * Bronchial vessels and bronchi are truncated
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * In central parts of abscess there are necrotic tissue mixed with necrotic granulocytes and bacteria
| |
| * Neutrophillic granulocytes with dilated blood vessels and inflammatory oedema
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Histopathological analysis
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clubbing of finger
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Septic pulmonary
| |
| emboli
| |
|
| |
|
| <ref name="pmid21686732">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang E, Lee KH, Yang KY, Lee YC, Perng RP |title=Septic pulmonary embolism associated with a peri-proctal abscess in an immunocompetent host |journal=BMJ Case Rep |volume=2009 |issue= |pages= |date=2009 |pmid=21686732 |pmc=3029652 |doi=10.1136/bcr.07.2008.0592 |url=}}</ref>
| | [[File:Mediastinal lymohangioma GIF.gif|x200px|thumb| CT scan shows cystic mass which was located on the posterior to the lower esophagus later diagnosed as thoracic duct lymphangioma. [https://doi.org/10.5090/kjtcs.2014.47.4.423 Source:Case courtesy of Jin San Bok et al, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital]]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * High fever
| |
| * Dyspnea
| |
| * Chest pain
| |
| * Focus of primary infection (Most common, right heart endocarditis)
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[S2|Prominent P2 component of second heart sound]]
| |
| * Decreased [[Breath sounds|breath sound]]
| |
| * [[Rales]]
| |
| * [[Crackles]]
| |
| * [[Pleural friction rub]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |N/A
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Multiple peripheral nodules
| |
| * Size 0.5– 3.5 cm
| |
| * Variable shapes
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Central low attenuation
| |
| * Feeding vessels
| |
| * Pleura based wedge-shaped lesions
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * air bronchograms
| |
| * Abscess or infection related changes at the primary focus
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * N/A
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Culture and sensitivity
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |N/A
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Fungal
| |
| infection
| |
|
| |
|
| <ref name="ChongLee2006">{{cite journal|last1=Chong|first1=Semin|last2=Lee|first2=Kyung Soo|last3=Yi|first3=Chin A|last4=Chung|first4=Myung Jin|last5=Kim|first5=Tae Sung|last6=Han|first6=Joungho|title=Pulmonary fungal infection: Imaging findings in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients|journal=European Journal of Radiology|volume=59|issue=3|year=2006|pages=371–383|issn=0720048X|doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.04.017}}</ref>
| | [[File:Posterior-mediastinal-schwannoma.gif|x200px|thumb| CT scan showing a soft tissue density lesion within the left posterior mediastinum, in a paravertebral location. The lesion is closely related to the left neural exit foramen, but there is no definite extension into the spinal canal. The lesion does extend into the intercostal space. |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +/-
| | Case courtesy of Dr Paul Leong |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
| | (Picture courtesy:[https://radiopaedia.org/cases/26625 Radiopedia])]] |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Fever
| |
| * Dyspnea
| |
| * Chest pain
| |
| * Hypersensitivity or allergic reactions
| |
| * History of travel
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Decreased [[Breath sounds|breath sound]]
| |
| * Rales
| |
|
| |
|
| * [[Crackles]]
| |
| * [[Pleural friction rub]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |KOH stain: Fungi
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Multiple nodules
| |
| * Size 0.5– 3 cm
| |
| * nodules surrounded by ground-glass opacity/halo
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Cavity
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Halo sign in aspergillosis
| |
| * Patchy infiltrate
| |
| * Consolidation
| |
| * Mediastinal adenopathy
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Specific causative agent
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Culture and sensitivity
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |N/A
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Parasites
| |
| <ref name="pmid20880867">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kunst H, Mack D, Kon OM, Banerjee AK, Chiodini P, Grant A |title=Parasitic infections of the lung: a guide for the respiratory physician |journal=Thorax |volume=66 |issue=6 |pages=528–36 |date=June 2011 |pmid=20880867 |doi=10.1136/thx.2009.132217 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +/-
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +/-
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +/-
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Asymptomatic
| |
| * Chest pain
| |
| * Pneumothorax
| |
| * Fever
| |
| * Wheeze
| |
| * Urticaria
| |
| * Rarely, anaphylaxis
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Decreased [[Breath sounds|breath sound]]
| |
| * Rales
| |
|
| |
|
| * [[Crackles]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |N/A
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Cysts: Single or multiple well-defined homogenous
| |
| * Coin lesion: 1–3 cm
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cyst:
| |
| * Fluid or gas
| |
| * Worm
| |
| Coin lesion:
| |
| * Central necrotic area surrounded by granulomatous reaction and fibrous wall
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Calcified cyst wall
| |
| * Consolidation
| |
| * Pleural effusion
| |
| * Worm
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Presence of larvae or eggs
| |
|
| |
|
| *
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Visualization of parasite
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |N/A
| |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
| |
| !Diseases
| |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Productive cough
| |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Hemoptysis
| |
| !Weight loss
| |
| !Other symptoms
| |
| !Auscultation
| |
| !Sputum analysis
| |
| !Nodule
| |
| !Content
| |
| !Other findings
| |
| !Histopathology
| |
| |'''Gold standard'''
| |
| !Additional findings
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Tuberculosis|Mycobacterial infections]]
| |
| <ref name="pmid25861338">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ryu YJ |title=Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: recent advances and diagnostic algorithms |journal=Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=64–71 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25861338 |pmc=4388902 |doi=10.4046/trd.2015.78.2.64 |url=}}</ref><ref name="Mandell">{{cite book | last = Mandell | first = Gerald | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2010 | isbn = 0443068399 }}</ref>
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[Chronic cough]]
| |
| * [[Fever]]
| |
| * [[Sleep hyperhidrosis|Night sweats]]
| |
| * [[Dyspnea]]
| |
| * [[Wheeze|Wheezing]]
| |
| * [[Chest pain]]
| |
| * [[Cachexia]]
| |
| * [[Fatigue]]
| |
| * [[Anorexia|Loss of appetite]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[Decreased breath sounds]]
| |
| * [[Rales]]
| |
| * [[Rhonchi]]
| |
| * Bronchial breath sounds
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |AFB+
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Micronodules in the subpleural region and peribronchovascular interstitium
| |
|
| |
|
| * Fluffy upper zone shadowing
| | __NOTOC__ |
| * Cavity
| | {{SI}} |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Trusha}}, {{AM}} |
| * Superinfected cavities shows air-fluid level
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Fluffy upper zone shadowing
| |
| * Interlobular septal thickening
| |
| * Homogeneous and dense consolidation
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Granulomas: necrotizing or non-necrotizing
| |
| * Langhans giant cells
| |
| * Caseous necrosis
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Culture and sensitivity
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |N/A
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Chronic inflammatory conditions
| |
| [[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis|(Granulomatosis with polyangiitis)]]
| |
|
| |
|
| <ref name="pmid27195187">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kubaisi B, Abu Samra K, Foster CS |title=Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's disease): An updated review of ocular disease manifestations |journal=Intractable Rare Dis Res |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=61–9 |date=May 2016 |pmid=27195187 |pmc=4869584 |doi=10.5582/irdr.2016.01014 |url=}}</ref>
| | {{SK}} Mediastinal enlargement; mass in the mediastinum |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +/-
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[Hoarseness]]
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| * [[Chest pain]]
| |
| * [[Dyspnea]]
| |
| * [[Stridor]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[Pleural friction rub]]
| |
| * Absent breath sound
| |
| * [[Crackles]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |N/A
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Multiple round lesions
| |
| * Size 0.5 to 10 cm
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Patchy or diffuse ground-glass opacities, or both
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Cavity
| |
| * Thick wall
| |
| * Irregular inner contour
| |
| * Atelectasis
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Pathologic triad of granulomatous inflammation, vasculitis, and necrosis
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Biopsy
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |c-ANCA
| |
|
| |
|
| p-ANCA
| | ==Overview== |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | | |
| !Diseases
| | The [[mediastinum]] is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue. Since it is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, and it contains a lot of important structures, it is the site of involvement of various tumors. |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Productive cough
| | |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Hemoptysis
| | ==Causes== |
| !Weight loss
| | |
| !Other symptoms
| | |
| !Auscultation
| | |
| !Sputum analysis
| | ==Initial Evaluation== |
| !Nodule
| | {{familytree/start}} |
| !Content
| | {{Family tree |border=2|boxstyle=background: WhiteSmoke;| | | | | A01 | | | | |A01=<div style="float: left; text-align: center; height: 1.25em; width: 25em; padding: 1em;">'''Mediastinal Mass'''</div>}} |
| !Other findings
| | {{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }} |
| !Histopathology
| | {{familytree | | | | | B01 | | | |B01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; line-height: 150%; padding: 1em; "> '''Workups''' |
| |'''Gold standard'''
| | ---- |
| !Additional findings | | ❑ CT chest with contrast <br> ❑ Serum beta-HCG, AFP, if appropriate <br> ❑ CBC, platelets <br> ❑ PET-CT scan (optional) <br> ❑ Pulmonary function tests if clinically indicated <br> ❑ MRI chest if clinically indicated |
| |- | | </div>}} |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Arteriovenous malformation|Pulmonary AVMs]] | | {{familytree | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | }} |
| <ref name="pmid11930021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Khurshid I, Downie GH |title=Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation |journal=Postgrad Med J |volume=78 |issue=918 |pages=191–7 |date=April 2002 |pmid=11930021 |pmc=1742331 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | | {{familytree | C01 | | | | | | C02 | | | |C01=<div style="float: left; text-align: center; height: 1.25em; width: 15em; padding: 1em;"> '''Thymic Tumor Likely''' </div> |C02= <div style="float: left; text-align: center; height: 1.25em; width: 15em; padding: 1em;"> '''Thymic Tumor Unlikely''' </div>}} |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | - | | {{familytree | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | }} |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +/-
| | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | - | | {{familytree | D01 | | | | | | D02 | | | |D01=<div style="float: left; text-align: center; height: 1.25em; width: 15em; padding: 1em; text-size: 85%;">Consider [[Thymoma surgery|surgery]]</div>|D02=<div style="float: left; text-align: center; height: 1.25em; width: 15em; padding: 1em; text-size: 85%;">Disease-specific management</div>}} |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | |
| * [[Dyspnea|Dyspnoea]]
| | {{familytree/start}} |
| * [[Epistaxis]]
| |
| * [[Palpitation]]
| |
| * [[Chest pain]]
| |
|
| |
|
| * [[Gastrointestinal bleeding|GI bleeding]]
| |
| * [[Telangiectasia|Mucocutaneous telangiectasia]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[Bruit]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Red blood cell|RBCs]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Solitary or multiple nodules
| |
| * Round, oval, or polycyclic
| |
| * Size 1 to 5 cm
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Feeding pulmonary arteries and draining pulmonary veins
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Well-defined borders
| |
| * Lower and middle third of the lung
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Not recommended
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Pulmonary angiography
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |N/A
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pneumoconiosis]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | +
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[Dyspnea|Dyspnoea]]
| |
| * [[Chest pain]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Fine [[crackles]]
| |
| * [[Rhonchi]]
| |
| * Bronchial breath sounds
| |
| * Expiratory [[wheezing]]
| |
| * [[Egophony]]
| |
| * [[Bronchophony]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Inorganic compound|Inorganic particle]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Solitary or multiple nodules
| |
| * Size 1 - 10 cm
| |
| * In the upper lobes
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * N/A
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * Massive [[fibrosis]] or [[conglomerate]] masses
| |
| * Small [[Nodule (medicine)|nodular]] [[opacities]]
| |
| * [[lymphadenopathy]] [[Calcification|eggshell calcification]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| |
| * [[Calcification]]
| |
| * Central necrosis
| |
| * Dense [[collagen]]
| |
| * Malignant cells
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Computed tomography|CT scan]]
| |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |N/A
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |