The WikiDoc Living Textbook of Physiology
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Click Here For A Complete Listing Of All Chapters In The WikiDoc Living Textbook Of Physiology In Alphabetical Order
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Cardiovascular System
Endocrine System
Endocrine system: hormones/endocrine glands (Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones) | |
|---|---|
| Hypothalamic-pituitary | Hypothalamus: TRH, CRH , GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine - Posterior pituitary: vasopressin, oxytocin - Anterior pituitary: α (FSH, LH, TSH), GH, prolactin, POMC (ACTH, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin) |
| Adrenal axis | Adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine - Adrenal cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, DHEA |
| Thyroid axis | Thyroid: thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) - calcitonin - Parathyroid: PTH |
| Gonadal axis | Testis: testosterone, AMH, inhibin - Ovary: estradiol, progesterone, inhibin/activin, relaxin (pregnancy) |
| Other end. glands | Pancreas: glucagon, insulin, somatostatin - Pineal gland: melatonin |
| Non-end. glands | Placenta: hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone - Kidney: renin, EPO, calcitriol, prostaglandin - Heart atrium: ANP - Stomach: gastrin, ghrelin - Duodenum: CCK, GIP, secretin, motilin, VIP - Ileum: enteroglucagon - Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin, resistin - Thymus: Thymosin - Thymopoietin - Thymulin - Skeleton: Osteocalcin - Liver/other: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1, IGF-2) |
| Target-derived | NGF, BDNF, NT-3 |
Gastointestinal System
Digestive system, physiology: gastrointestinal physiology | |
|---|---|
| Enteric nervous system | Meissner's plexus - Auerbach's plexus |
| Exocrine | Chief cells (Pepsinogen) - Parietal cells (Gastric acid, Intrinsic factor) - Goblet cells (Mucus) |
| Endocrine/paracrine | G cells (gastrin), D cells (somatostatin) - ECL cells (Histamine) - enterogastrone: I cells (CCK), K cells (GIP), S cells (secretin) |
| Border | Brunner's glands - Paneth cells - Enterocytes |
| Fluids | Saliva - Bile - Intestinal juice - Gastric juice - Pancreatic juice |
| Processes | Swallowing - Vomiting - Peristalsis (Interstitial cell of Cajal) - Migrating motor complex - Borborygmus - Gastrocolic reflex - Segmentation contractions - Defecation |
Pulmonary
Respiratory system, physiology: respiratory physiology | |
|---|---|
| Lung volumes | VC · FRC · Vt · dead space · CC
calculations: respiratory minute volume · FEV1/FVC ratio devices: spirometry · body plethysmography · peak flow meter |
| Airways/ ventilation (V) | positive pressure ventilation · breath (inhalation, exhalation) · respiratory rate · respirometer · pulmonary surfactant · compliance · hysteresivity · airway resistance · bronchial hyperresponsiveness · bronchial challenge test · bronchoconstriction/bronchodilation |
| Blood/ perfusion (Q) | pulmonary circulation · hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction · pulmonary shunt |
| Interactions/ ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q) | ventilation/perfusion scan · zones of the lung · gas exchange · pulmonary gas pressures · alveolar gas equation · alveolar-arterial gradient · hemoglobin · oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve (2,3-DPG, Bohr effect, Haldane effect) · carbonic anhydrase (chloride shift) · oxyhemoglobin · respiratory quotient · arterial blood gas · diffusion capacity · DLCO |
| Control of respiration | pons (pneumotaxic center, apneustic center) · medulla (dorsal respiratory group, ventral respiratory group) · chemoreceptors (central, peripheral) · pulmonary stretch receptors (Hering-Breuer reflex) |
| Insufficiency | high altitude · oxygen toxicity · hypoxia |
Renal Physiology
Urinary system, physiology: renal physiology and acid base physiology | |
|---|---|
| Filtration | Renal blood flow - Ultrafiltration - Countercurrent exchange |
| Hormones affecting filtration | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Aldosterone - Atrial natriuretic peptide |
| Secretion/clearance | Pharmacokinetics - Clearance of medications |
| Reabsorption | Solvent drag -Na+ - Cl- -urea -glucose -oligopeptides -protein |
| Endocrine | Renin - Erythropoietin (EPO) - Calcitriol (Active vitamin D) - Prostaglandins |
| Assessing Renal function / Measures of dialysis | Glomerular filtration rate - Creatinine clearance - Renal clearance ratio - Urea reduction ratio - Kt/V - Standardized Kt/V - Hemodialysis product - PAH clearance (Effective renal plasma flow - Extraction ratio) |
| Acid base physiology | Fluid balance - Darrow Yannet diagram - Body water - Interstitial fluid - Extracellular fluid - Intracellular fluid/Cytosol - Plasma - Transcellular fluid - Base excess - Davenport diagram - Anion gap - Arterial blood gas |
| Buffering/compensation | Bicarbonate buffering system - Respiratory compensation - Renal compensation |
Reproductive Physiology
Human physiology and endocrinology of reproduction | |
|---|---|
| Anatomy and physiology | Reproductive system (male, female) |
| Menstrual/Estrous cycle | Menstruation - Follicular phase - Ovulation - Luteal phase |
| Gametogenesis | Spermatogenesis (spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm) - Oogenesis (oogonium, oocyte, ootid, ovum) - Germ cell (gonocyte, gamete) |
| Sexuality | Human sexual behavior - Sexual intercourse - Erection - Ejaculation - Orgasm - Insemination - Fertilisation/Fertility - Masturbation - Pregnancy - Postpartum period |
| Lifespan | Prenatal development - Sexual dimorphism - Sexual differentiation - Puberty (Menarche, Adrenarche) - Maternal age/Paternal age - Climacteric (Menopause, Andropause) |
| Eggs | Ovum - Oviposition - Oviparity - Ovoviviparity - Viviparity |
| Reproductive endocrinology | Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis - Andrology - Hormone |
| ||||
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
