Steatorrhea epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sunny Kumar MD [2]
Overview
The demographic measures of steatorrhea can be explained by independent causes of steatorrhea.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Following are common causes and their independent demographic variables.
Celiac disease:
Incidence:
- The incidence of celiac disease is approximately 10-13 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In United States the incidence of celiac disease is approximately 10 per 100,000 individuals.
- The incidence of celiac disease has been increasing over the years. This can be attributed to increasing use of serologic screening, leading to more accurate results and early diagnosis in cases of mild disease. A general trend in incidence of celiac disease over the years is as under:
- In 1950, the incidence of celiac disease was estimated to be 1 case per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In 1960-1980, the incidence of celiac disease was estimated to be 2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In 1990, the incidence of celiac disease was estimated to be 3-5 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In 2000, the incidence of celiac disease was estimated to be 9 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Prevalence:
- Worldwide, the prevalence of celiac disease is estimated to be 500 to 1000 per 100,000 individuals.
- In United States, the prevalence of celiac disease is approximately 710 per 100,000 individuals.
- The overall prevalence of celiac disease has been increasing in United States from 170 per 100,000 individuals in 1988 to 440 per 100,000 individuals in 2012.
- In Europe the prevalence of celiac disease is estimated to be 1000 per 100,000 individuals. The Scandinavian countries, Ireland, and the United Kingdom population tended to show a higher prevalenceof celiac disease of approximately 1000 to 1500 per 100,000 individuals.
- In Australia the prevalence of celiac disease is estimated to be 400 per 100,000 individuals.
- In New Zealand the prevalence of celiac disease is estimated to be 1200 per 100,000 individuals.
- In India the prevalence of celiac disease is estimated to be 300 per 100,000 individuals.
- In North Africa, Algeria with its refugees in the Sahara desert have the highest prevalence of celiac disease at 5600 per 100,000 individuals.
- The risk for celiac disease is higher for people with diabetes, autoimmune disorder and relatives with celiac disease individuals because of shared HLA typing.
Age:
- Celiac disease affects children and adults alike.
- In children celiac disease peaks in early childhood.
- In adults celiac disease is usually diagnosed around fourth and fifth decades of life.
Race:
- Celiac disease usually affects individuals of the non-Hispanic white race (1000 per 100,000 individuals), Hispanics (300 per 100,000 individuals) and non-Hispanic blacks (200 per 100,000 individuals).
- HLA-DQ2 associated celiac disease is frequently found in white populations located in Western Europe.
Gender:
- Women are more commonly affected by celiac disease than men.
- The female to male ratio is approximately 3:1.
- In contrast, patients over the age of 60 who are diagnosed with celiac disease are most commonly males.
Region:
- Tthe highest prevalence of celiac disease has been reported in Algerian refugees. These individuals have a high rate of consanguinity and high frequencies of HLA-DQ2.
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder whose incidence has long been estimated as 1/2500 live births in Caucasians.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome
Epidemiology and demographics of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is as follows:
Age
Gender
Race
- There is no racial predilection for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).