Right heart failure epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jad Z Al Danaf; Rim Halaby
Overview
The prevalence of heart failure has been increasing due to the increase in aging population, early detection, preventive measures and improvement in therapy. In 2006, the prevalence of heart failure in the United States was estimated to be 5.8 million people of all ages with an estimated incidence of 10/1000 for individuals older than 65 years of age.[1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- According to a 2010 update from the American Heart Association, it has been estimated that there were around 5.8 million people of all ages living with heart failure in the United States in 2006, with an estimated incidence of 10/1000 for individuals older than 65 years of age.[1]
- Heart failure is also responsible for more hospitalizations than all cancers combined, with an estimated one year mortality of symptomatic heart failure reaching 45%.[2]
- The prevalence of heart failure has been increasing over the past decade which has been linked to the increase in aging population and improvements in therapeutic innovations in treating cardiac diseases especially myocardial infarction; making early detection in vulnerable patients essential for better outcomes after appropriate preventive interventions.[3]
- The Framingham Heart study presents proof concerning the increase in the prevalence of heart failure with aging. For example, it has been shown that the prevalence of heart failure increases form 8/1000 in men between 50-59 years of age, to 66/1000 at ages 80-89; with nearly similar values in women (8 and 79/1000 respectively). Hence the prevalence of heart failure approximately doubles with every increase in a decade of age in both men and women [3]. The Framingham study also showed that hypertension was the highest prevalent risk factor among the study group in both men and women, and an estimated median survival of 1.7 and 3.2 in men and women respectively.
- Heart failure, a major public health concern, is considered a preventable disease in general. However, no screening methods have been discovered till date to determine this syndrome at an early stage. Despite that, rigorous efforts have been made in the field of heart failure to determine individuals at increased risk of developing heart failure with management of these risk factors (such as hypertension and other vascular diseases). Furthermore, ample efforts were and are still being done in the field of heart failure management that has significantly reduced hospitalizations, mortality and improved functional status. These include the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), beta-blockers, diuretics including spironolactone, biventricular pacing with or without resynchronization therapy, coronary bypass surgery, and the use of multidisciplinary teams to manage a patient with heart failure.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 WRITING GROUP MEMBERS. Lloyd-Jones D, Adams RJ, Brown TM, Carnethon M, Dai S; et al. (2010). "Heart disease and stroke statistics--2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association". Circulation. 121 (7): e46–e215. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192667. PMID 20019324.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Konstam MA (2000). "Progress in heart failure Management? Lessons from the real world". Circulation. 102 (10): 1076–8. PMID 10973832.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ho KK, Pinsky JL, Kannel WB, Levy D (1993). "The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham Study". J Am Coll Cardiol. 22 (4 Suppl A): 6A–13A. PMID 8376698.