Progabide
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| Image:Progabide.png | |
| Progabide
| |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 4-[(4-chlorophenyl)- (5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)- methylidene]aminobutanamide | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | N03 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C17H16ClFN2O2 |
| Mol. mass | 334.772 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 60% |
| Protein binding | 95% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Half life | 4 hours |
| Excretion | Renal |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
? |
| Legal status |
Prescription only |
| Routes | Oral |
Progabide (INN) (Gabrene®, Sanofi-Synthelabo) is an analog and prodrug of gamma-aminobutyric acid used in the treatment of epilepsy. It has agonistic activity at both the GABAA and GABAB receptors.
Contents |
Uses
Approved
Progabide is approved in France for either monotherapy or adjunctive use in the treatment of epilepsy—specifically, generalized tonic-clonic, myoclonic, partial, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome seizures—in both children and adults.[1]
Unapproved/Off-Label/Investigational
Progabide has been investigated for many diseases besides epilepsy, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, clinical depression, anxiety disorder and spasticity with various levels of success.
In 1979, Progabide's actions on dopamine are contradictory, decreasing dopamine release, dopamine receptor density and postsynaptic receptor responsivity to dopamine while reducing striatal cholinergic activity so as to increase dopaminergic effects.[1] Bartholini and colleagues concluded that it was this that caused Parkinson's patients in human clinical trials to either see an improvement in their Parkinson's with a worsening of L-dopa dyskinesia or an improvement in dyskinesia but with sometimes aggravated Parkinson's symptoms.[1] The cholinergic effect takes only a single injection to achieve in rats; when given with haloperidol, the development of tolerance to haloperidol's cataleptic effects did not develop.[1] It was hoped that this would be effective for tardive dyskinesia. However, Soares, Rathbone and Deeks wrote in the 2004 issue of The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews that "Any possible benefits are likely to be outweighed by the adverse effects associated with their [GABAergic agents'] use."[1]
In addition to being tested for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia, progabide was itself tested as an antipsychotic; as early as 1979, it was obvious that it was ineffective for psychosis.[1] While progabide may have devoid of antipsychotic effects, it did have the effect in schizoaffective and hebephrenic patients of improving environmental responsiveness and social interactions.[1]
References and End Notes
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
