Pre-Botzinger complex
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The Pre-Bötzinger Complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla essential to the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nucluei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.
Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specfic to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, NMDA-glutamate, and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.
One such novel compound that acts on this area of the brain stem, called BIMU8, has been discovered . BIMU8, a selective 5HT4 serotonin agonist is thought to stimulate the pBc, causing an increase in the rate of respiration. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.
See also
External links
- Smith JC, Ellenberger HH, Ballanyi K, Richter DW, Feldman JL (1991). "Pre-Bötzinger complex: a brainstem region that may generate respiratory rhythm in mammals". Science 254 (5032): 726-9. PMID 1683005.
- Kuwana S, Tsunekawa N, Yanagawa Y, Okada Y, Kuribayashi J, Obata K (2006). "Electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of GABAergic respiratory neurons in the mouse pre-Botzinger complex". Eur J Neurosci 23 (3): 667-674. PMID 16487148.
- Mayer CA, Haxhiu MA, Martin RJ, Wilson CG (2006). "Adenosine A2A receptors mediate GABAergic inhibition of respiration in immature rats". J Appl Physiol 100 (1): 91-97. PMID 16141383.
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
