Polymerase
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A polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) is an enzyme whose central function is associated with polymers of nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA. The primary function of a polymerase is the polymerization of new DNA or RNA against an existing DNA or RNA template in the processes of replication and transcription. In association with a cluster of other enzymes and proteins, they take nucleotides from solution, and catalyse the synthesis of a polynucleotide sequence against a nucleotide template strand using base-pairing interactions.
It is an accident of history that the enzymes responsible for the catalytic production of other biopolymers are not also referred to as polymerases.
One particular polymerase, from the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) (PDB 1BGX, EC 2.7.7.7) is of vital commercial importance due to its use in the polymerase chain reaction, a widely-used technique of molecular biology.
Other well-known polymerases include:
- Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT), which lends diversity to antibody heavy chains
- Reverse Transcriptase, an enzyme used by RNA retroviruses like HIV, which is used to create a complementary strand to the preexisting strand of viral RNA before it can be integrated into the DNA of the host cell. It is also a major target for antiviral drugs.
See also
- DNA polymerase
- DNA polymerase I
- DNA polymerase II
- DNA polymerase III holoenzyme
- DNA Polymerase IV (DinB) – SOS repair polymerase
Phosphotransferases/kinases (EC 2.7) | |
|---|---|
| 2.7.1 - OH acceptor | Hexo- - Gluco- - Fructo- (Hepatic fructo-) - Galacto- - Phosphofructo- (1, 2) - Thymidine - NAD+ - Glycerol - Pantothenate - Mevalonate - Pyruvate - Deoxycytidine - PFP - Diacylglycerol - Bruton's tyrosine - Phosphoinositide 3 (Class I PI 3, Class II PI 3) - Sphingosine |
| 2.7.2 - COOH acceptor | Phosphoglycerate - Aspartate |
| 2.7.3 - N acceptor | Creatine |
| 2.7.4 - PO4 acceptor | Phosphomevalonate - Adenylate - Nucleoside-diphosphate |
| 2.7.6 - P2O7 | Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase - Thiamine pyrophosphokinase |
| 2.7.7 - nucleotidyl- | Integrase - PNPase - Polymerase - RNase PH - UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase - Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase -Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase - RNA replicase - Reverse transcriptase (Telomerase) - Transposase |
| 2.7.8 - other phos. | N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase |
| 2.7.10-11 - protein | Tyrosine - Serine/threonine-specific |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
