Oxymetazoline
You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.
| |
| Oxymetazoline
| |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 3-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)- 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | R01 R01AB07, S01GA04 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C16H24N2O |
| Mol. mass | 260.375 g·mol−1 |
| Physical data | |
| Melt. point | 301.5 °C (575 °F) |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | ? |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
? |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | ? |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Oxymetazoline is a topical decongestant used, in the form of Oxymetazoline hydrochloride, in products such as Nasivion, Vicks Sinex and Afrin. Oxymetazoline is generally available as a nasal spray. If overused it can cause a "rebound congestion" (rhinitis medicamentosa) where the tissues of the sinuses are damaged, become swollen, and therefore become congested after the drug wears off. As a result, a user can develop physiological tolerance to the drug, manifested by prolonged nasal congestion without continued use of the medication. (See the discussion of the effect of benzalkonium chloride, a common additive to oxymetazoline nasal sprays, in the article Rhinitis medicamentosa.)
The medication has sympathomimetic properties, and thus constricts the blood vessels of the nose and sinuses via activation of alpha1 adrenergic receptors, in turn causing less production of mucous. It is frequently used by anaesthesiologists to reduce nasal bleeding during nasal endotracheal intubations. This drug, not unlike most sympathomimetic amines, has adrenaline-releasing properties due to its mode of action. However, since the application is topical, it has practically no CNS stimulation as of the systemic application of decongestants such as pseudoephedrine.
Since no clinical data on exposed pregnancies are available with oxymetazoline, the safe use of oxymetazoline during pregnancy has not been established.
If accidentally ingested, standard methods to remove unabsorbed drugs should be considered. There is no specific antidote for oxymetazoline. In children, oxymetazoline may produce profound central nervous system depression.
Oxymetazoline HCl 0.025% is also the active ingredient in Visine L.R. Long-Lasting Redness Relief eye drops.
Decongestants and other nasal preparations (R01) | |
|---|---|
| Topical: sympathomimetics, plain | Cyclopentamine - Ephedrine - Phenylephrine - Oxymetazoline - Tetryzoline - Xylometazoline - Naphazoline - Tramazoline - Metizoline - Tuaminoheptane - Fenoxazoline - Tymazoline - Epinephrine |
| Topical: antiallergic agents, excluding corticosteroids | Cromoglicic acid - Levocabastine - Azelastine - Antazoline - Spaglumic acid - Thonzylamine - Nedocromil - Olopatadine |
| Topical: corticosteroids | Beclometasone - Prednisolone - Dexamethasone - Flunisolide - Budesonide - Betamethasone - Tixocortol - Fluticasone - Mometasone furoate - Triamcinolone - Ciclesonide |
| Topical: other nasal preparations | Calcium hexamine thiocyanate - Retinol - Ipratropium bromide - Ritiometan - Mupirocin - Hexamidine - Framycetin |
| Systemic use: Sympathomimetics | Phenylpropanolamine - Pseudoephedrine - Phenylephrine |
he:אוקסימטזולין
hu:Oxymetazolin
nl:Oxymetazoline
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
