Oxygenase
An oxygenase is any enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by transferring the oxygen from molecular oxygen O2 (as in air) to it. The oxygenases form a class of oxidoreductases; their EC number is EC 1.13 or EC 1.14.
Oxygenases were discovered in 1955 simultaneously by two groups, Osamu Hayaishi from Japan[1][2][3] and Howard Mason from the US.[4][5]
There are two types of oxygenases:
- Monooxygenases, or mixed function oxidase, transfer one oxygen atom to the substrate, and reduce the other oxygen atom to water.
- Dioxygenases, or oxygen transferases, transfer both atoms of molecular oxygen (O2) onto the substrate.
Among the most important monooxygenases are the cytochrome P450 oxidases, responsible for breaking down numerous chemicals in the body.
References
- ↑ Hayaishi et al. (1955) Mechanism of the pyrocatechase reaction, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77 (1955) 5450-5451
- ↑ Sligar SG, Makris TM, Denisov IG (2005). "Thirty years of microbial P450 monooxygenase research: peroxo-heme intermediates--the central bus station in heme oxygenase catalysis". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 338 (1): 346-54. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.094. PMID 16139790.
- ↑ Hayaishi O (2005). "An odyssey with oxygen". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 338 (1): 2-6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.019. PMID 16185652.
- ↑ Mason HS, Fowlks WK, and Peterson E. (1955) Oxygen transfer and electron transport by the phenolase complex. J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 77(10) pp 2914 - 2915
- ↑ Waterman MR (2005). "Professor Howard Mason and oxygen activation". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 338 (1): 7-11. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.120. PMID 16153596.
Proteins: enzymes | |
|---|---|
| Topics | Active site - Allosteric regulation - Binding site - Catalytically perfect enzyme - Coenzyme - Cofactor - Cooperativity - EC number Enzyme catalysis - Enzyme inhibitor - Enzyme kinetics - Lineweaver-Burk plot - Michaelis-Menten kinetics - List of enzymes |
| Types | EC1 Oxidoreductases/list - EC2 Transferases/list - EC3 Hydrolases/list - EC4 Lyases/list - EC5 Isomerases/list - EC6 Ligases/list |
Oxidoreductases: monooxygenases (EC 1.13) | |
|---|---|
| 1.13.11 - two atoms of oxygen | Catechol dioxygenase - Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase - Cysteine dioxygenase - 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase - Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase - Lipoxygenase (5) |
| 1.13.12 - one atom of oxygen | Firefly luciferase |
| 1.13.99 - other | Inositol oxygenase |
Oxidoreductases: dioxygenases, including steroid hydroxylases (EC 1.14) | |
|---|---|
| 1.14.11 - 2-oxoglutarate | Prolyl hydroxylase - Lysyl hydroxylase |
| 1.14.13 - NADH or NADPH | Flavin-containing monooxygenase - Nitric oxide synthase - Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase - Methane monooxygenase - 3A4 -51A1 |
| 1.14.14 - reduced flavin or flavoprotein | 19A1 - 2D6 - 2E1 |
| 1.14.15 - reduced iron-sulfur protein | 11B1 - 11B2 - 11A1 |
| 1.14.16 - reduced pteridine | Phenylalanine hydroxylase - Tyrosine hydroxylase - Tryptophan hydroxylase |
| 1.14.17 - reduced ascorbate | Dopamine beta hydroxylase |
| 1.14.18-19 - other | Tyrosinase - Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 |
| 1.14.99 - miscellaneous | Cyclooxygenase - Heme oxygenase (HMOX1) - Squalene monooxygenase - 17A1 - 21A2 |
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