Oculoplastics
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Oculoplastics, or oculoplastic surgery, is a subspecialty of ophthalmology that includes a wide variety of surgical procedures that deal with the orbit (eye socket), eyelids, tear ducts, and the face.[1] It also deals with the reconstruction of the eye and associated structures.
Training
In the United States, oculoplastic surgeons are licensed medical doctors who have completed 4 years of medical school, 3-4 years of residency training in ophthalmology and 1 or more years of fellowship training as an oculoplastic surgeon.
Oculoplastic procedures
Oculoplastic surgeons perform procedures such as the repair of droopy eyelids (blepharoplasty)[1], repair of tear duct obstructions, orbital fracture repairs, removal of tumors in and around the eyes, and facial rejuvenation procedures including laser skin resurfacing, eye lifts, brow lifts, and even facelifts. Common procedures are:
Eyelid surgery
Entropion, ectropion, ptosis, and eyelid tumors are commonly treated by various forms of eyelid surgery.[2]
- Blepharoplasty (eyelift) is plastic surgery of the eyelids to remove excessive skin or subcutaneous fat.[3]
- Ptosis repair for droopy eyelid.
- Ectropion repair[2]
- Entropion repair
- Canthal resection
- A canthectomy is the surgical removal of tissue at the junction of the upper and lower eyelids.[4]
- Cantholysis is the surgical division of the canthus.[4]
- Canthopexy
- A canthoplasty is plastic surgery at the canthus.[4]
- A canthorrhaphy is suturing of the outer canthus to shorten the palpebral fissure.[4]
- A canthotomy is the surgical division of the canthus, usually the outer canthus.[4]
- A lateral canthotomy is the surgical division of the outer canthus.
- Epicanthoplasty
- Tarsorrhaphy is a procedure in which the eyelids are partially sewn together to narrow the opening (i.e. palpebral fissure).
- Removal of eyelid tumors (such as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma)
Surgery involving the lacrimal apparatus
- DCR (Dacryocystorhinostomy) for Tearing
- Canaliculodacryocystostomy is a surgical correction for a congenitally blocked tear duct in which the closed segment is excised and the open end is joined to the lacrimal sac.[4][5]
- Canaliculotomy involves slitting of the lacrimal punctum and canaliculus for the relief of epiphora[4]
- A dacryoadenectomy is the surgical removal of a lacrimal gland.[4]
- A dacryocystectomy is the surgical removal of a part of the lacrimal sac.[4]
- A dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) or dacryocystorhinotomy is a procedure to restore the flow of tears into the nose from the lacrimal sac when the nasolacrimal duct does not function.[4][6]
- A dacryocystostomy is an incision into the lacrimal sac, usually to promote drainage.[4]
- A dacryocystotomy is an incision into the lacrimal sac.[4]
Eye removal
- An enucleation is the removal of the eye leaving the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact.[7]
- An evisceration is the removal of the eye's contents, leaving the scleral shell intact. Usually performed to reduce pain in a blind eye.[8]
- An exenteration is the removal of the entire orbital contents, including the eye, extraocular muscles, fat, and connective tissues; usually for malignant orbital tumors.[9]
Orbital Reconstruction
Ocular prosthetics (artificial eyes)
Orbtal Prosthesis (artificial replacement of the eye and eyelids within the discipline of Anaplastology) for an extenterated orbit.
- Orbital decompression for Grave's Disease
Other
- Botox injections
- Ultrapeel Microdermabrasion
- Endoscopic forehead and browlift
- Face lift (Rhytidectomy)
- Liposuction of the face and neck
- Browplasty [3]
References
- ↑ "Oculoplastics". EyeMDLink.com. Accessed September 23, 2006.
- ↑ "Eyelid Surgery." Indiana University Department of Ophthalmology. Accessed October 19, 2006.
- ↑ Surgery Encyclopedia - Blepharoplasty
- ↑ Cite error 8; No text given.
- ↑ Cherkunov BF, Lapshina AV. ["Canaliculodacryocystostomy in obstruction of medial end of the lacrimal duct."] Oftalmol Zh. 1976;31(7):544-8. PMID 1012635.
- ↑ Indiana University Department of Ophthalmology. "Lacrimal Drainage Surgery (DCR: Dacryocystorhinostomy)." Retrieved August 18, 2006
- ↑ Surgery Encyclopedia - Enucleation
- ↑ Cassin, B. and Solomon, S. Dictionary of Eye Terminology. Gainsville, Florida: Triad Publishing Company, 1990.
- ↑ Surgery Encyclopedia - Exenteration
See also
External links
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
