Nifurtimox

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Nifurtimox
Clinical data
Pregnancy; category	Undetermined;
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATC code	P01CC01 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	℞ Prescription only; Not available in U.S. or Canada;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Low
Metabolism	Hepatic (CYP involved)
Elimination half-life	2.95 ± 1.19 hours
Excretion	Renal, very low
Identifiers
	IUPAC name N-(3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazinan-4-yl)-; 1-(5-nitro-2-furyl)methanimine;
CAS Number	23256-30-6;
PubChem CID	6842999;
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C10H13N3O5S
Molar mass	287.293 g/mol

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Nifurtimox is a 5-nitrofuran and is used to treat diseases caused by trypanosomes (Chagas disease and sleeping sickness). It is given by mouth and not by injection.

Uses

Nifurtimox has been used to treat Chagas disease, when it is given for 30 to 60 days,^[1] but gastrointestinal and neurological side effects have meant that benznidazole is now preferred for that indication.

Nifurtimox has also been used to treat African sleeping sickness and is active in the second stage of African sleeping sickness (CNS disease). Unfortunately, when nifurtimox is given on its own, about half of all patients will relapse,^[2] but the combination of melarsoprol with nifurtimox appears to be efficacious.^[3] Trials are awaited comparing melarsoprol/nifurtimox against melarsoprol alone for African sleeping sickness.^[4]

Dosing

Nifurtimox is dosed as 15 mg/kg/day in two to three divided doses. It is given by mouth. Refer to the articles on Chagas disease and sleeping sickness for more detailed information on dosing for these diseases.

Manufacturing and availability

Nifurtimox is sold as Lampit® by Bayer. It was previously known as Bayer 2502.

Nifurtimox is only licensed for use in Argentina and Germany, where it is sold as 120 mg tablets.

References

↑ Coura JR, de Castro SL. (2002). "A critical review of Chagas disease chemotherapy". Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 97: 3&ndash, 24.
↑ Pepin J, Milord F, Mpia B; et al. (1989). "An open clinical trial of nifurtimox for arseno-resistant T.b. gambiense sleeping sickness in central Zaire". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 83: 514&ndash, 7.
↑ Bisser S, N'Siesi F-X, Lejon V; et al. (2007). "Equivalence Trial of Melarsoprol and Nifurtimox Monotherapy and Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Second-Stage Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Sleeping Sickness". J Infect Dis. 195: 322&ndash, 329.
↑ Jacques Pepin (2007). "Combination Therapy for Sleeping Sickness: A Wake-Up Call". J Infect Dis. 195: 311&ndash, 13.

Template:Agents against leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[1] Coura JR, de Castro SL. (2002). "A critical review of Chagas disease chemotherapy". Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 97: 3&ndash, 24.

[2] Pepin J, Milord F, Mpia B; et al. (1989). "An open clinical trial of nifurtimox for arseno-resistant T.b. gambiense sleeping sickness in central Zaire". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 83: 514&ndash, 7.

[3] Bisser S, N'Siesi F-X, Lejon V; et al. (2007). "Equivalence Trial of Melarsoprol and Nifurtimox Monotherapy and Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Second-Stage Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Sleeping Sickness". J Infect Dis. 195: 322&ndash, 329.

[4] Jacques Pepin (2007). "Combination Therapy for Sleeping Sickness: A Wake-Up Call". J Infect Dis. 195: 311&ndash, 13.

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Clinical data

Pregnancy category	Undetermined
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	P01CC01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	℞ Prescription only Not available in U.S. or Canada
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Low
Metabolism	Hepatic (CYP involved)
Elimination half-life	2.95 ± 1.19 hours
Excretion	Renal, very low
Identifiers
IUPAC name N-(3-methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazinan-4-yl)- 1-(5-nitro-2-furyl)methanimine
CAS Number	23256-30-6
PubChem CID	6842999
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₀H₁₃N₃O₅S
Molar mass	287.293 g/mol