Metabolic alkalosis history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Marufa Marium, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

The hallmark of Metabolic Alkalosis is elevated HCO3 ion in serum primarily. A positive history of cystic fibrosis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, CHF, Uncontrolled HTN, Excess Antacid consumption, Calcium over supplementation, Penicillin use, Recent diuretics use, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Licorice consumption, Massive Blood transfusion are suggestive of Metabolic Alkalosis. The most common symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, restlessness. Common symptoms of metabolic alkalosis include muscle cramp, tingling, tremor, slow respiration. Less common symptoms of metabolic alkalosis include loss of consciousness, altered mental status etc.

History and Symptoms

• The hallmark of Metabolic Alkalosis is elevated HCO3 ion in serum primarily. A positive history of cystic fibrosis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, CHF, Uncontrolled HTN, Excess Antacid consumption, Calcium over supplementation, Penicillin use, Recent diuretics use, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Licorice consumption, Massive Blood transfusion are suggestive of Metabolic Alkalosis. The most common symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, palpitation, irritability, restlessness. Common symptoms of metabolic alkalosis include muscle cramp, tingling, tremor slow respiration. Less common symptoms of metabolic alkalosis include loss of consciousness, altered mental status etc. 

History

Patients with metabolic alkalosis may have a positive history of:

• cystic fibrosis
• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
• Liddle, bartter, gitelman syndrome
• Congenital Chloride Diarrhea
• CHF
• Uncontrolled HTN
• Excess Antacid consumption
• Calcium over supplementation
• Penicillin use
• Recent diuretics use
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Licorice consumption
• Massive Blood transfusion
• H/O recent hypercapneic respiratory failure

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of metabolic alkalosis include:

• Nausea,
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Palpitation
• Irritability
• Restlessness
• Muscle cramp
• Tingling
• Tremor
• Slow respiration

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of metabolic alkalosis include

• Loss of consciousness
• Altered mental status