Mentalis
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| Mentalis | ||
|---|---|---|
| Muscles of the head, face, and neck. | ||
| Latin | musculus mentalis | |
| Gray's | subject #108 383 | |
| Origin: | anterior mandible | |
| Insertion: | chin | |
| Artery: | ||
| Nerve: | mandibular branch of facial nerve | |
| Action: | elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | m_22/12549795 | |
The Mentalis is situated at the tip of the chin. It raises and pushes up the lower lip, causing wrinkling of the chin, as in doubt or displeasure.
Pathology
| It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article. (Discuss) |
A movement disorder of the mentalis muscle is Geniospasm which a benign but socially excluding genetic disorder linked to chromosome 9q13-q21[1] where there are episodic involuntary up and down movements of the chin and lower lip. The movements consist of rapid fluttering or trembling at about 8Hz superimposed onto a once per three seconds movement of higher amplitude and occur symmetrically in the V shaped muscle. The tongue and buccal floor muscles may also be affected but to a much lesser degree.
The movements are always present but extreme episodes may be precipitated by stress, concentration or emotion and commence in early childhood. In some subjects social withdrawal and other compensatory behaviors occur.
The condition is extremely rare and in a study in 1999 only 23 families in the world were known to be affected,[citation needed] although due to embarrassment in afflicted individuals it may be under-reported. Inheritance is aggressively autosomal dominant. In at least two studies the condition appeared spontaneously in the families.
The condition responds very well to regular botulinus toxin injections into the mentalis muscle[2] which paralyse the muscle but cause no impairment of facial expression or speech.
Additional images
 Mandible. Outer surface. Side view. |
References
- ↑ Jarman PR, Wood NW, Davis MT, et al (1997). "Hereditary geniospasm: linkage to chromosome 9q13-q21 and evidence for genetic heterogeneity". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 61 (4): 928–33. PMID 9382105.
- ↑ Gonzalez-Alegre P, Kelkar P, Rodnitzky RL (2006). "Isolated high-frequency jaw tremor relieved by botulinum toxin injections". Mov. Disord. 21 (7): 1049–50. doi:10.1002/mds.20878. PMID 16602105.
External links
- LUC men
- -1469382576 at GPnotebook
- Mentalis+muscle at eMedicine Dictionary
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
