Melanoma primary prevention

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Prevention

Minimizing exposure to sources of ultraviolet radiation (the sun and sunbeds), following sun protection measures and wearing sun protective clothing (long-sleeved shirts, long trousers, and broad-brimmed hats) can offer protection. Using a sunscreen with an SPF rating of 30 or better on exposed areas has been recommended. However, there are severe doubts about the ability of current sunscreen to prevent melanoma.

A melanoma showing irregular borders and colour, diameter over 10 mm and asymmetry (ie A, B, C and D.)

To prevent or detect melanomas (and increase survival rates), it is recommended to learn what they look like (see "ABCDE" mnemonic below), to be aware of moles and check for changes (shape, size, color, itching or bleeding) and to show any suspicious moles to a doctor with an interest and skills in skin malignancy.

A popular method for remembering the signs and symptoms of melanoma is the mnemonic "ABCDE":

• Asymmetrical skin lesion.
• Border of the lesion is irregular.
• Color: melanomas usually have multiple colors.
• Diameter: moles greater than 5 mm are more likely to be melanomas than smaller moles.
• Evolution: The evolution (ie change) of a mole or lesion may be a hint that the lesion is becoming malignant --or-- Elevation: The mole is raised or elevated above the skin.

The E is sometimes omitted, as in the ABCD guideline.

People with a personal or family history of skin cancer or of dysplastic nevus syndrome (multiple atypical moles) should see a dermatologist at least once a year to be sure they are not developing melanoma.